Dispersionless integrable hierarchies and GL (2,R) geometry

DOI10.1017/S0305004119000355MaRDI QIDQ4958679zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors E. V. Ferapontov, Boris Kruglikov

Publication date 14 September 2021

Published in Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01966

zbMATH Keywords

integrable hierarchiesKadomtsev-Petviashvili (dKP) hierarchy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton equations (35Q51) PDEs on manifolds (35R01) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25) Other special differential geometries (53A40) Linear and affine connections (53B05) Applications of local differential geometry to the sciences (53B50) Hyper-Kähler and quaternionic Kähler geometry, ``special geometry (53C26) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80)

Abstract: Paraconformal or $GL(2)$ geometry on an $n$-dimensional manifold $M$ is defined by a field of rational normal curves of degree $n-1$ in the projectivised cotangent bundle $mathbbP{T}^{\ast }M$. Such geometry is known to arise on solution spaces of ODEs with vanishing W"unschmann (Doubrov-Wilczynski) invariants. In this paper we discuss yet another natural source of $GL(2)$ structures, namely dispersionless integrable hierarchies of PDEs (for instance the dKP hierarchy). In the latter context, $GL(2)$ structures coincide with the characteristic variety (principal symbol) of the hierarchy. Dispersionless hierarchies provide explicit examples of various particularly interesting classes of $GL(2)$ structures studied in the literature. Thus, we obtain torsion-free $GL(2)$ structures of Bryant that appeared in the context of exotic holonomy in dimension four, as well as totally geodesic $GL(2)$ structures of Krynski. The latter, also known as involutive $GL(2)$ structures, possess a compatible affine connection (with torsion) and a two-parameter family of totally geodesic $alpha$-manifolds (coming from the dispersionless Lax equations), which makes them a natural generalisation of the Einstein-Weyl geometry. Our main result states that involutive $GL(2)$ structures are governed by a dispersionless integrable system. This establishes integrability of the system of W"unschmann conditions.

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Cited in

(12)

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