Limit profiles for singularly perturbed Choquard equations with local repulsion

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61)

Abstract: We study Choquard type equation of the form

-Delta u +varepsilon u-(I_{alpha}*|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u+|u|^{q-2}u=0quad in quad {mathbb R}^N,qquadqquad(P_varepsilon)

where

N g e q 3

,

I_{a} l p h a

is the Riesz potential with

a l p h a i n (0, N)

,

p > 1

,

q > 2

and

v a r e p s i l o n g e 0

. Equations of this type describe collective behaviour of self-interacting many-body systems. The nonlocal nonlinear term represents long-range attraction while the local nonlinear term represents short-range repulsion. In the first part of the paper for a nearly optimal range of parameters we prove the existence and study regularity and qualitative properties of positive groundstates of

(P_{0})

and of

(P_{v} a r e p s i l o n)

with

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

. We also study the existence of a compactly supported groundstate for an integral Thomas-Fermi type equation associated to

(P_{v} a r e p s i l o n)

. In the second part of the paper, for

v a r e p s i l o n o 0

we identify six different asymptotic regimes and provide a characterisation of the limit profiles of the groundstates of

(P_{v} a r e p s i l o n)

in each of the regimes. We also outline three different asymptotic regimes in the case

v a r e p s i l o n o i n f t y

. In one of the asymptotic regimes positive groundstates of

(P_{v} a r e p s i l o n)

converge to a compactly supported Thomas-Fermi limit profile. This is a new and purely nonlocal phenomenon that can not be observed in the local prototype case of

(P_{v} a r e p s i l o n)

with

a l p h a = 0

. In particular, this provides a justification for the Thomas-Fermi approximation in astrophysical models of self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensate.

Review text

The paper deals with the Choquard type equation \[-\Delta u+\varepsilon u-(I_{\alpha}\ast |u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u+|u|^{q-2}u=0\quad\text{in}\,\,\,\mathbb{R}^N,\leqno(P_{\epsilon})\] where \(N\ge 3\), \(p>1\), \(q>2\), \(\varepsilon\ge 0\) is a small or large parameter, and \(I_{\alpha}(x)=A_{\alpha}|x|^{-(N-\alpha)}\) is the Riesz potential with \(\alpha\in (0,N)\). The authors investigate the existence and some properties (such as regularity and decay at infinity) of the positive ground states of problems \((P_{\varepsilon})\) with \(\varepsilon>0\) and \((P_0)\). They also study the asymptotic behavior of the ground states of \((P_{\varepsilon})\) when \(\varepsilon\to 0\) and \(\varepsilon\to \infty\), and give characterization of their limit profiles in each of the regimes.

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