Rational solutions of Abel differential equations

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2022.126368MaRDI QIDQ2154408zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yanyan Li

Publication date 19 July 2022

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07853

zbMATH Keywords

Abel equationlimit cycleperiodic solution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Explicit solutions, first integrals of ordinary differential equations (34A05) Special ordinary differential equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel, etc.) (34B30) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems (37C60)

Abstract: We study the rational solutions of the Abel equation $x^{\prime }=A(t)x^3+B(t)x^2$ where $A,BinC[t]$. We prove that if $deg(A)$ is even or $deg(B)>(deg(A)-1)/2$ then the equation has at most two rational solutions. For any other case, an upper bound on the number of rational solutions is obtained. Moreover, we prove that if there are more than $(deg(A)+1)/2$ rational solutions then the equation admits a Darboux first integral.

Review text

The paper under review is concerned with the maximum number of rational solutions of the polynomial Abel differential equation \[ x'(t)=A(t)x^3+B(t)x^2, \] where \(A(t),B(t)\) are polynomials. The existence of its rational solutions is equivalent to seeking the Darboux polynomial (invariant curves) of degree one in \(x\). The main results are two fold. Firstly, they show that if the degree\((A)\) is even and \(2\mathrm{degree}(B)>\mathrm{degree}(A)-1\), then the Abel equation has at most two rational solutions; otherwise, the number of rational solutions has an upper bound \[ \left(\begin{array}{c} n \\ (n+1) / 2 \end{array}\right)+1. \] Secondly, combing with the Darboux integrability theory, they prove that the Abel equation has a first integral of Darboux type if there exits more than \((\mathrm {degree}(A) + 1)/2\) rational solutions. A similar work about rational solutions of trigonometric polynomial Abel differential equations was studied in [\textit{C. Valls}, J. Geom. Phys. 180, Article ID 104627, 9 p. (2022; Zbl 07577545)].

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Cited in

(12)

• Polynomial solutions of equivariant polynomial Abel differential equations
• Rational solutions of Abel trigonometric polynomial differential equations
• Rational parameterizations approach for solving equations in some dynamical systems problems
• Rational Periodic Solutions on Some Generalized Abel Equations
• Trigonometric polynomial solutions of equivariant trigonometric polynomial Abel differential equations
• The number of rational solutions of Abel equations
• On the number of nontrivial rational solutions for Abel equations
• Rational solutions of a class of generalized Abel equations
• Abel ordinary differential equation, differential algebra and projective connections
• An upper bound for the number of rational solutions of generalized Abel equations
• A rational basis for second-kind Abel integral equations
• On the integrable rational Abel differential equations

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