Linear superposition in the general heavenly equation

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2022.128203MaRDI QIDQ2157612zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Sen-Yue Lou, Xiazhi Hao

Publication date 22 July 2022

Published in Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11584

zbMATH Keywords

general heavenly equationlinear superposition principleshock wave solution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation and superposition of functions (26B40) Nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G20)

Abstract: Evidently, the linear superposition principle can not be exactly established as a general principle in the presence of nonlinearity, and, at the first glance, there is no expectation for it to hold even approximately. In this letter, it is shown that the balance of different nonlinear effects describes what linear superpositions may occur in nonlinear systems. The heavenly equations are of significance in several scientific fields, especially in relativity, gravity, field theory, and fluid dynamics. A special type of implicit shock wave solution with three two-dimensional arbitrary functions of the general heavenly equation is revealed. Restrict the two-dimensional arbitrary functions to some types of one-dimensional arbitrary functions, it is found that the nonlinear effects can be balanced such that the "impossible" linear superposition solutions can be nontrivially constituted to new solutions of the general heavenly equation.

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Cited in

(6)

• From decoupled integrable models to coupled ones via a deformation algorithm*
• Symmetries and symmetry reductions of the combined KP3 and KP4 equation
• Nonlinear superposition among lump soliton, stripe solitons and other nonlinear localized waves of the (2+1)-dimensional cpKP-BKP equation
• Symmetry study of a novel integrable supersymmetric dispersionless system
• Multi-component decompositions, linear superpositions, and new nonlinear integrable coupled KdV-type systems
• Linear superposition solutions of the generalized (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation

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