Critical points of solutions to a kind of linear elliptic equations in multiply connected domains

DOI10.1007/S11856-022-2330-6MaRDI QIDQ2164441zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Haiyun Deng, Hai-Rong Liu, Xiao-Ping Yang

Publication date 15 August 2022

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04758

zbMATH Keywords

critical points of solutions Dirichlet condition linear elliptic equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25)

Abstract: In this paper, we mainly study the critical points and critical zero points of solutions

u

to a kind of linear elliptic equations with nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a multiply connected domain

O m e g a

in

m a t h b b R^{2}

. Based on the fine analysis about the distributions of connected components of the super-level sets

x i n O m e g a : u (x) > t

and sub-level sets

x i n O m e g a : u (x) < t

for some

t

, we obtain the geometric structure of interior critical point sets of

u

. Precisely, let

O m e g a

be a multiply connected domain with the interior boundary

g a m m a_{I}

and the external boundary

g a m m a_{E}

, where

u |_{g a m m a_{I}} = p s i_{1} (x), u |_{g a m m a_{E}} = p s i_{2} (x)

. When

p s i_{1} (x)

and

p s i_{2} (x)

have

N_{1}

and

N_{2}

local maximal points on

g a m m a_{I}

and

g a m m a_{E}

respectively, we deduce that

s u m_{i = 1}^{k} m_{i} l e q N_{1} + N_{2}

, where

m_{1}, c d o t s, m_{k}

are the respective multiplicities of interior critical points

x_{1}, c d o t s, x_{k}

of

u

. In addition, when

m i n_{g a m m a_{E}} p s i_{2} (x) g e q m a x_{g a m m a_{I}} p s i_{1} (x)

and

u

has only

N_{1}

and

N_{2}

equal local maxima relative to

o v e r l i n e O m e g a

on

g a m m a_{I}

and

g a m m a_{E}

respectively, we develop a new method to show that one of the following three results holds

s u m_{i = 1}^{k} m_{i} = N_{1} + N_{2}

or

s u m_{i = 1}^{k} m_{i} + 1 = N_{1} + N_{2}

or

s u m_{i = 1}^{k} m_{i} + 2 = N_{1} + N_{2}

. Moreover, we investigate the geometric structure of interior critical zero points of

u .

We obtain that the sum of multiplicities of the interior critical zero points of

u

is less than or equal to the half of the number of its isolated zero points on the boundaries.

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