Critical points for elliptic equations with prescribed boundary conditions

DOI10.1007/S00205-017-1130-3MaRDI QIDQ2408178zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Giovanni S. Alberti, Guillaume Bal, Michele Di Cristo

Publication date 10 October 2017

Published in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.06989

zbMATH Keywords

boundary conditionscritical pointssecond order elliptic equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25)

Abstract: This paper concerns the existence of critical points for solutions to second order elliptic equations of the form $ablacdotsigma(x)ablau=0$ posed on a bounded domain $X$ with prescribed boundary conditions. In spatial dimension $n=2$, it is known that the number of critical points (where $ablau=0$) is related to the number of oscillations of the boundary condition independently of the (positive) coefficient $sigma$. We show that the situation is different in dimension $ngeq3$. More precisely, we obtain that for any fixed (Dirichlet or Neumann) boundary condition for $u$ on $partialX$, there exists an open set of smooth coefficients $sigma(x)$ such that $ablau$ vanishes at least at one point in $X$. By using estimates related to the Laplacian with mixed boundary conditions, the result is first obtained for a piecewise constant conductivity with infinite contrast, a problem of independent interest. A second step shows that the topology of the vector field $ablau$ on a subdomain is not modified for appropriate bounded, sufficiently high-contrast, smooth coefficients $sigma(x)$. These results find applications in the class of hybrid inverse problems, where optimal stability estimates for parameter reconstruction are obtained in the absence of critical points. Our results show that for any (finite number of) prescribed boundary conditions, there are coefficients $sigma(x)$ for which the stability of the reconstructions will inevitably degrade.

Review text

The authors study the existence of critical points for solutions to some second order elliptic equation. They prove that for any finite number of prescribed boundary conditions, there are coefficients for which the stability of the reconstructions will inevitably degrade.

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