The braid group B_n, m(R P^2) and the splitting problem of the generalised Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2022.108202MaRDI QIDQ2165564zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Stavroula Makri

Publication date 20 August 2022

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07838

zbMATH Keywords

Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequencefibrationgroup presentationresidually nilpotentresidually solvablesection problemsurface braid group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Abstract: Let $n,minmathbbN$, and let $B_{n,m}(mathbbR{P}^2)$ be the set of $(n+m)$-braids of the projective plane whose associated permutation lies in the subgroup $S_{n}imes{S}_m$ of the symmetric group $S_{n+m}$. We study the splitting problem of the following generalisation of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence: ${\displaystyle }$1 ightarrow B_m(mathbb{R}P^2 setminus {x_1,dots,x_n}) ightarrow B_{n,m}(mathbb{R}P^2)xrightarrow{�ar{q}} B_n(mathbb{R}P^2) ightarrow 1,${\displaystyle }$ where the map $$ can be considered geometrically as the epimorphism that forgets the last $m$ strands, as well as the existence of a section of the corresponding fibration $q:F_{n+m}(mathbbR{P}^2)/S_{n}imes{S}_{m}o{F}_n(mathbbR{P}^2)/S_n$, where we denote by $F_n(mathbbR{P}^2)$ the $n^{th}$ ordered configuration space of the projective plane $mathbbR{P}^2$. Our main results are the following: if $n=1$ the homomorphism $$ and the corresponding fibration $q$ admits no section, while if $n=2$, then $$ and $q$ admit a section. For $ngeq3$, we show that if $$ and $q$ admit a section then $mequiv0,(n-1{)}^{2}extrmmodn(n-1)$. Moreover, using geometric constructions, we show that the homomorphism $$ and the fibration $q$ admit a section for $m=kn(2n-1)(2n-2)$, where $kgeq1$, and for $m=2n(n-1)$. In addition, we show that for $mgeq3$, $B_m(mathbbR{P}^{2}setminus{x}_1,dots,x_n)$ is not residually nilpotent and for $mgeq5$, it is not residually solvable.

Review text

Surface braid groups are both a generalisation, to any connected surface, of the fundamental group of the surface and of the braid groups of the plane, known as Artin braid groups and defined by Artin in 1925. They were initially introduced by Zariski in 1936. During the 1960's, Fox gave an equivalent definition of surface braid groups from a topological point of view in terms of configuration spaces Let \(n, m \in \mathbb{N}\), and let \(B_{n,m}(\mathbb{R}P^2)\) be the set of \((n + m)\)-braids in the projective plane whose associated permutation lies in the subgroup \(S_n \times S_m\) of the symmetric group \(S_{n+m}\). In the present paper the author studies the splitting problem of the following generalisation of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence: \[ 1 \to B_m(\mathbb{R}P^2 \setminus \{x_1, \ldots, x_n\}) \to B_{n,m}(\mathbb{R}P^2) \xrightarrow{\bar{q}} B_n(\mathbb{R}P^2) \to 1, \] where the map \(\bar{q}\) can be considered geometrically as the epimorphism that forgets the last \(m\) strands, as well as the existence of a section of the corresponding fibration \[ q \colon F_{n+m}(\mathbb{R}P^2)/S_n \times S_m \to F_n(\mathbb{R}P^2)/S_n, \] where \(F_n(\mathbb{R}P^2)\) is the \(n^{th}\) ordered configuration space of the projective plane \(\mathbb{R}P^2\). The main results are the following: if \(n = 1\) the homomorphism \(\bar{q}\) and the corresponding fibration \(q\) admit no section, while if \(n = 2\), then \(\bar{q}\) and \(q\) admit a section. For \(n \geq 3\), it is shown that if \(\bar{q}\) and \(q\) admit a section then \(m \equiv 0, (n-1)^2\) mod \(n(n-1)\). Moreover, using geometric constructions, it is shown that the homomorphism \(\bar{q}\) and the fibration \(q\) admit a section for \(m = kn(2n - 1)(2n - 2)\), where \(k \geq 1\), and for \(m = 2n(n - 1)\). In addition, it is shown that for \(m \geq 3\), \(B_m(\mathbb{R}P^2 \setminus \{x_1, \ldots, x_n\}) \) is not residually nilpotent and for \(m \geq 5\), it is not residually solvable.

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Cited in

(10)

• The braid groups of the projective plane.
• The braid groups of the projective plane and the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence.
• On Cohen braids.
• Abelian and metabelian quotient groups of surface braid groups
• THE LOWER CENTRAL AND DERIVED SERIES OF THE BRAID GROUPS OF THE FINITELY-PUNCTURED SPHERE
• THE BRAID GROUP $B_{n,m}(\mathbb{S}^{2})$ AND A GENERALISATION OF THE FADELL–NEUWIRTH SHORT EXACT SEQUENCE
• On the structure of surface pure braid groups.
• The splitting of generalisations of the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence
• The lower central and derived series of the braid groups of the projective plane.
• Braid groups of non-orientable surfaces and the Fadell-Neuwirth short exact sequence

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