Fourier uncertainty principles, scale space theory and the smoothest average

DOI10.4310/MRL.2021.V28.N6.A9MaRDI QIDQ2168345zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefan Steinerberger

Publication date 31 August 2022

Published in Mathematical Research Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01665

zbMATH Keywords

characteristic function as local minimizer

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05) Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, ({}_0F_1) (33C10) Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type (42A38) Existence of solutions for minimax problems (49J35)

Abstract: Let $fin{L}^2(mathbb{R}^n)$ and suppose we are interested in computing its average at a fixed scale. This is easy: we pick the density $u_{}$ of a probability distribution with mean 0 and some moment at the desired scale and compute the convolution $u_{}\ast f$. Is there a particularly natural choice for $u$? This question is studied in scale space theory and the Gaussian is a popular answer. We were interested whether a canonical choice for $u$ can arise from a new axiom: having fixed a scale, the average should oscillate as little as possible, i.e. ${\displaystyle }$ u_{} = argmin_{u_{}} sup_{f in L^2(mathbb{R}^n)} frac{| abla (u_{} *f) |_{L^2(mathbb{R}^n)}}{|f|_{L^2(mathbb{R}^n)}}.${\displaystyle }$ This optimal function turns out to be a minimizer of an uncertainty principle: for $alpha>0$ and $$, there exists $$ such that for all $uin{L}^1(mathbb{R}^n)$ ${\displaystyle }$ | |xi|^{�eta} cdot widehat{u}|^{alpha}_{L^{infty}(mathbb{R}^n)} cdot | |x|^{alpha} cdot u |^{�eta}_{L^1(mathbb{R}^n)} geq c_{alpha, �eta,n} |u|_{L^1(mathbb{R}^n)}^{alpha + �eta}.${\displaystyle }$ For $$, any nonnegative extremizer of the inequality serves as the best averaging function in the sense above, $$ corresponds to other derivatives. For $$ we use the Shannon-Whittaker formula to prove that the characteristic function $u(x)=ch{i}_{[-1/2,1/2]}$ is a local minimizer among functions defined on $[-1/2,1/2]$ for $alphainleft2,3,4,5,6ight$. We provide a sufficient condition for general $alpha$ in terms of a sign pattern for the hypergeometric function ${}_1{F}_2$.

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Cited in

(4)

• An uncertainty principle on the Lorentz spaces
• The smoothest average: Dirichlet, Fejér and Chebyshev
• Extremizers of a Fourier uncertainty principle related to averaging
• The smoothest average and some extremal problems for polynomials

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