Global stability and oscillations for mosquito population models with diapausing stages
Discontinuous ordinary differential equations (34A36) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20) Asymptotic theory of functional-differential equations (34K25) Qualitative investigation and simulation of models involving functional-differential equations (34K60) Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems (37C60) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)
This paper is concerned with the dynamical behavior of a mosquito population with diapausing stages through a mathematical model derived from the classical McKendrick-von Foerster equations. The main three contributions are as follows: 1. Their results are not based on the theory of monotone flows and cover the classical unimodal birth rates; 2. The persistence and global attractivity results can be stated in terms of the relevant parameters of the model rather than the spectral radius of an abstract (and unknown) operator; 3. The common oscillations observed in many insect populations can be reproduced by nonmonotone birth rates. Many results are based on Lemma 1.1 (A variant of the classical fluctuation lemma). Lemma 1.1 Let \(h:[a,+\infty)\to \mathbb{R}\) be a bounded and continuous function with \(\liminf_{x\to +\infty}h(x) < \limsup_{x\to +\infty}h(x)\). Then, there exist two sequences \(\{t_n\}\) and \(\{s_n\}\) tending to \(+\infty\) with the following properties: (P1) \(\lim_{n\to +\infty} h(t_n)=\limsup_{x\to +\infty}h(x)\) and \(h(t_n)\) is a local maximum for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). (P2) \(\lim_{n\to +\infty} h(s_n)=\liminf_{x\to +\infty}h(x)\) and \(h(s_n)\) is a local minimum for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). The method of proof consists of relating the dynamical behavior of the model with a suitable scalar discrete equation. It is worth noting that the approach of this paper can be applied for studying the dynamics of other types of delay differential equations with seasonal succession.
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