Regular solutions of a functional equation derived from the invariance problem of Matkowski means

DOI10.1007/S00010-022-00880-8MaRDI QIDQ2172845zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tibor Kiss

Publication date 16 September 2022

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16862

zbMATH Keywords

generalized weighted quasi-arithmetic means invariance of means invariance problem Matkowski means

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Means (26E60) Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Systems of functional equations and inequalities (39B72)

Abstract: The main result of the present paper is about the solutions of the functional equation Eq{*}{ FBig(frac{x+y}2Big)+f_1(x)+f_2(y)=G(g_1(x)+g_2(y)),qquad x,yin I, } derived originally, in a natural way, from the invariance problem of generalized weighted quasi-arithmetic means, where

F, f_{1}, f_{2}, g_{1}, g_{2} : I o m a t h b b R

and

G : g_{1} (I) + g_{2} (I) o m a t h b b R

are the unknown functions assumed to be continuously differentiable with

0 o t i n g'_{1} (I) c u p g'_{2} (I)

, and the set

I

stands for a nonempty open subinterval of

m a t h b b R

. In addition to these, we will also touch upon solutions not necessarily regular. More precisely, we are going to solve the above equation assuming first that

F

is affine on

I

and

g_{1}

and

g_{2}

are continuous functions strictly monotone in the same sense, and secondly that

g_{1}

and

g_{2}

are invertible affine functions with a common additive part.

Review text

A mean \(M\) on an interval \(I\subset\mathbb{R}\) is called \textit{invariant} with respect to the pair \((N,K)\) of two other means on \(I\) if the following \textit{invariance equation} is satisfied: \[ M(x,y)=M(N(x,y),K(x,y)),\quad x,y\in I. \] A mean \(M\) is called \textit{Matkowski mean} (or a \textit{generalized weighted quasi arithmetic mean}) if it has the form \[ M(x,y)=(f+g)^{-1}(f(x)+g(y)),\quad x,y\in I, \] with some continuous and strictly monotonic (in the same sense) mappings \(f,g\colon I\to\mathbb{R}\) (called \textit{generators}). The motivation of the paper arises from the problem of invariance of Matkowski means. While considering the invariance equation, the author derives the functional equation \[ F\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)+f_1(x)+f_2(y)=G(g_1(x)+g_2(y)),\quad x,y\in I \] where \(F,f_1,f_2,g_1,g_2\colon I\to\mathbb{R}\) and \(G\colon g_1(I)+g_2(I)\to\mathbb{R}\) are the unknown functions. A deep study of the above equation is the main subject of the paper. The equation is solved in particular cases and under various assumptions on the unknown functions.

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