Regular solutions of a functional equation derived from the invariance problem of Matkowski means (Q2172845)

A mean \(M\) on an interval \(I\subset\mathbb{R}\) is called \textit{invariant} with respect to the pair \((N,K)\) of two other means on \(I\) if the following \textit{invariance equation} is satisfied: \[ M(x,y)=M(N(x,y),K(x,y)),\quad x,y\in I. \] A mean \(M\) is called \textit{Matkowski mean} (or a \textit{generalized weighted quasi arithmetic mean}) if it has the form \[ M(x,y)=(f+g)^{-1}(f(x)+g(y)),\quad x,y\in I, \] with some continuous and strictly monotonic (in the same sense) mappings \(f,g\colon I\to\mathbb{R}\) (called \textit{generators}). The motivation of the paper arises from the problem of invariance of Matkowski means. While considering the invariance equation, the author derives the functional equation \[ F\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)+f_1(x)+f_2(y)=G(g_1(x)+g_2(y)),\quad x,y\in I \] where \(F,f_1,f_2,g_1,g_2\colon I\to\mathbb{R}\) and \(G\colon g_1(I)+g_2(I)\to\mathbb{R}\) are the unknown functions. A deep study of the above equation is the main subject of the paper. The equation is solved in particular cases and under various assumptions on the unknown functions.