Computer aided solution of the invariance equation for two-variable Gini means (Q980074)

For \(p\neq q\) the Gini mean \(G_{p,q}\) is defined by \[ G_{p,q}(x,y):=\left( \frac{x^{p}+y^{p}}{x^{q}+y^{q}}\right) ^{\frac{1}{p-q} }, \quad x,y>0. \] The aim of this paper is to solve the invariance equation in the class of Gini means. The authors prove the following theorem. Let \(a,b,c,d,p,q\in\mathbb R\). The (invariance) equation \[ G_{p,q}\left( G_{a,b}(x,y),G_{c,d}(x,y)\right) =G_{p,q}(x,y), \quad x,y>0, \] is satisfied if and only if one of the following conditions hold: (i) \( a+b=c+d=p+q=0\); (ii) \(\{a,b\}=\{c,d\}=\{p,q\}\); (iii) \(p+q=0\) and \( \{a,b\}=\{-c,-d\}\); (iv) there exist \(u,v\in\mathbb R\) such that \( \{p,q\}=\{u,0\}\), \(\{a,b\}=\{u+v,v\}\) and \(\{c,d\}=\{u-v,-v\}\); (v) there exists \(w\in\mathbb R\) such that \(\{p,q\}=\{2w,0\}\), \(\{a,b\}=\{3w,w\}\) and \( c+d=0\); (vi) there exists \(w\in\mathbb R\) such that \(\{p,q\}=\{2w,0\}\), \(a+b=0\) and \(\{c,d\}=\{3w,w\}\). The proof is based on a Taylor expansion up to 12th order. The computer algebra system \texttt{Maple V} is used.