The approximate variation of univariate uniform space valued functions and pointwise selection principles

DOI10.1134/S1995080222060087MaRDI QIDQ2172876zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. A. Chistyakova, V. V. Chistyakov

Publication date 19 September 2022

Published in Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11410

approximate variation pointwise convergence regulated function selection principle uniform space

Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions with other special properties (26A30) Functions of bounded variation, generalizations (26A45) Convergence and divergence of series and sequences of functions (40A30) Uniform structures and generalizations (54E15)

Abstract: Let

T s u b s e t m a t h b b R

and

(X, m a t h c a l U)

be a uniform space with an at most countable gage of pseudometrics

d_{p} : p i n m a t h c a l P

of the uniformity

m a t h c a l U

. Given

f i n X^{T}

(=the family of all functions from

T

into

X

), the approximate variation of

f

is the two-parameter family

V_{v a r e p s i l o n, p} (f) : v a r e p s i l o n > 0, p i n m a t h c a l P

, where

V_{v a r e p s i l o n, p} (f)

is the greatest lower bound of Jordan's variations

V_{p} (g)

on

T

with respect to

d_{p}

of all functions

g i n X^{T}

such that

d_{p} (f (t), g (t)) l e v a r e p s i l o n

for all

t i n T

. We establish the following pointwise selection principle: If a pointwise relatively sequentially compact sequence of functions

{f_{j}}_{j = 1}^{i} n f t y s u b s e t X^{T}

is such that

l i m s u p_{j o i n f t y} V_{v a r e p s i l o n, p} (f_{j}) < i n f t y

for all

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

and

p i n m a t h c a l P

, then it contains a subsequence which converges pointwise on

T

to a bounded regulated function

f i n X^{T}

. We illustrate this result by appropriate examples, and present a characterization of regulated functions

f i n X^{T}

in terms of the approximate variation.

Review text

This paper mainly gives a generic pointwise selection result (Theorem 2) of Helly type for maps from a nonempty set of reals to a Hausdorff uniform space (in particular a metric space), by establishing a characterization (Theorem 1) of a regulated map of a compact nonempty real interval (onto a Hausdorff uniform space instead; defined slightly more generally with respect to pseudometrics) in terms of the new notion of approximate variation that is employed to give the characterization; this line of thought -- obtaining a pointwise selection result from a characterization of regulated maps -- exists, as indicated by the authors (p. 551, first paragraph), in the related literature. The importance of the main objects concerning the paper is well-known. The paper is rather self-contained, notion-wise, motivation-wise, or literature-wise; the terminologies therein for the involved nonanalytical concepts chiefly follow those in the cited \textit{J. L. Kelley}'s [General topology. Reprint of the 1955 original published by van Nostrand. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications (2017; Zbl 1358.54001)]. Some properties of approximate variation are derived, which form a basis of the proofs of the main results, along with several interesting examples and remarks clarifying the positions of certain technical conditions. These are in particular pedagogically informative. The proofs are mostly analytical (in contrast with ``topological). It might be worth indicating that the proof of Theorem 2 depends on Helly's selection theorem. As the paper considers products of Hausdorff uniform spaces, (in particular) in connection with Theorems 1 and 2 it might be informative for that to be the following topological remarks. For reference, a Hausdorff space \(X\) is called \textit{uniformizable} if and only if \(X\) admits some separating uniformity (i.e., some uniformity \(\mathscr{U}\) such that \(\cap \mathscr{U} = \Delta_{X}\)) inducing the given topology; the Hausdorff space \(X\) will be called \textit{gaugeable} (resp. \textit{countably gaugeable}) if and only if \(X\) admits some gauge (resp. countable gauge) [i.e., some family (resp. countable family) \((d_{\theta})_{\theta \in \Theta}\) of pseudometrics over \(X\) with the property that \(d_{\theta}(x,y) = 0\) for all \(\theta \in \Theta\) implies \(x = y\)] inducing the given topology. (Here, for a set to be countable means that the set is injectable into the first infinite ordinal \(\omega\).) Thus every uniformizable space can (trivially) be made into a Hausdorff uniform space, and a Hausdorff uniform space with a countable family of pseudometrics inducing the given uniformity can (trivially) be made into a countably gaugeable space. And the following are classical observations: Let \(X\) be a topological space; then i) \(X\) is uniformizable if and only if \(X\) is gaugeable, if and only if \(X\) is Tychonoff (i.e., completely regular Hausdorff), and ii) \(X\) is metrizable if and only if \(X\) is countably gaugeable. The statement i) is a standard basic result. The ``only if part of the statement ii) is evident, and its converse follows immediately from the observation that if \(d_{1}, d_{2}, \dots\) is a gauge of \(X\) then the function \((x,y) \mapsto \sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\min \{ d_{n}(x,y), 2^{-n} \}\) on \(X^{2}\) is a metric inducing the given topology of \(X\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(4)

This page was built for publication: The approximate variation of univariate uniform space valued functions and pointwise selection principles

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2172876)