From approximate variation to pointwise selection principles

DOI10.1007/978-3-030-87399-8MaRDI QIDQ5158445zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors V. V. Chistyakov

Publication date 22 October 2021

Published in SpringerBriefs in Optimization (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.08490

zbMATH Keywords

weak convergencemetric spacepointwise convergenceselection principleregulated functionHelly's theoremapproximate variation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to functional analysis (46-01) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Discrete approximations in optimal control (49M25) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to calculus of variations and optimal control (49-02) Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to approximations and expansions (41-01) Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to calculus of variations and optimal control (49-01)

Abstract: Let $TsubsetmathbbR$, $M$ be a metric space with metric $d$, and $M^T$ be the set of all functions mapping $T$ into $M$. Given $fin{M}^T$, we study the properties of the approximate variation ${V_{v}arepsilon(f)}_{varepsilon>0}$, where $V_{v}arepsilon(f)$ is the greatest lower bound of Jordan variations $V(g)$ of functions $gin{M}^T$ such that $d(f(t),g(t))levarepsilon$ for all $tinT$. The notion of $varepsilon$-variation $V_{v}arepsilon(f)$ was introduced by Fra'nkov'a [Math. Bohem. 116 (1991), 20-59] for intervals $T=[a,b]$ in $mathbbR$ and $M=mathbb{R}^N$ and extended to the general case by Chistyakov and Chistyakova [Studia Math. 238 (2017), 37-57]. We prove directly the following basic pointwise selection principle: If a sequence of functions ${f_j}_{j=1}^{i}nfty$ from $M^T$ is such that the closure in $M$ of the set $f_j(t):jinmathbbN$ is compact for all $tinT$ and $limsu{p}_{joinfty}{V}_{v}arepsilon(f_j)$ is finite for all $varepsilon>0$, then it contains a subsequence, which converges pointwise on $T$ to a bounded regulated function $fin{M}^T$. We establish several variants of this result for sequences of regulated and nonregulated functions, for functions with values in reflexive separable Banach spaces, for the almost everywhere convergence and weak pointwise convergence of extracted subsequences, and comment on the necessity of assumptions in the selection principles. The sharpness of all assertions is illustrated by examples.

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• A selection theorem for essentially regulated functions of several variables
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