Eventually entanglement breaking Markovian dynamics: structure and characteristic times

DOI10.1007/S00023-020-00906-4MaRDI QIDQ2172976zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Eric Hanson, Cambyse Rouzé, Daniel Stilck França

Publication date 22 April 2020

Published in Annales Henri Poincaré (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.08173

zbMATH Keywords

entanglement breaking timeMarkovian evolutionquantum Markov semigroups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of Markov chains and discrete-time Markov processes on general state spaces (social mobility, learning theory, industrial processes, etc.) (60J20) Quantum state spaces, operational and probabilistic concepts (81P16) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Entanglement measures, concurrencies, separability criteria (81P42) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Open systems, reduced dynamics, master equations, decoherence (81S22)

Abstract: We investigate entanglement breaking times of Markovian evolutions in discrete and continuous time. In continuous time, we characterize which Markovian evolutions are eventually entanglement breaking, that is, evolutions for which there is a finite time after which any entanglement initially present has been destroyed by the noisy evolution. In the discrete time framework, we consider the entanglement breaking index, that is, the number of times a quantum channel has to be composed with itself before it becomes entanglement breaking. The PPT-square conjecture is that every PPT quantum channel has an entanglement breaking index of at most 2; we prove that every faithful PPT quantum channel has a finite entanglement breaking index, and more generally, any faithful PPT CP map whose Hilbert-Schmidt adjoint is also faithful is eventually entanglement breaking. We also provide a method to obtain concrete bounds on this index for any faithful quantum channel. To obtain these estimates, we use a notion of robustness of separability to obtain bounds on the radius of the largest separable ball around faithful product states. We also extend the framework of Poincar'e inequalities for nonprimitive semigroups to the discrete setting to quantify the convergence of quantum semigroups in discrete time, which is of independent interest.

Review text

The distribution of entanglement via a noisy channel is an important topic in quantum information, which greatly limits the quantum communication protocols. Generally, if half of an entangled state undergoes a noisy channel, the entanglement will be lost. In this paper, the authors study the entanglement breaking times of Markovian evolutions. To do so, the authors classify the quantum evolutions into continuous and discrete-time quantum Markov semigroups with rigorous mathematical definitions. They consider the eventually entanglement breaking in continuous time, that is, the finite time after which the initial entanglement is destroyed through the noisy channel; and the entanglement breaking index in the discrete-time, that is, the number of times after which the entanglement is destroyed by the interaction with the channel. It is shown that the continuous-time QMS with the class of eventually entanglement breaking is precisely the one which possess a unique full-rank invariant state, the continuous-time QMS with entanglement asymptotically breaking are those possessing a non-trivial, yet commutative DF subalgebra, and the QMS with a non-commutative DF subalgebra never break entanglement. Besides, the quantitative lower bound on the entanglement breaking time is given based on the exploration of the connection between the spectrum of a quantum channel and the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion of its Choi matrix, while the upper bounds are obtained by the rapid-decoherence property of Markovian evolutions. They also discuss the application of continuous-time decoherence bounds to approximate quantum Markov networks. In the discrete time setting, the authors study the ability of irreducible quantum channels to preserve entanglement and demonstrate the irreducible quantum channels that only become entanglement breaking asymptotically and a converse case for channels with an invariant state of full rank we obtain a converse. If an invariant state of full rank, they also show that quantum PPT channels become entanglement breaking after a finite number of iterations, and then extend the result to faithful completely positive maps. To obtain quantitative bounds, the authors study the decoherence-free sub algebra of discrete-time evolution, and its contraction properties. They establish the discrete-time Poincare inequalities to give entanglement breaking times. They also use the relevant techniques to study the times for doubly stochastic discrete-time evolutions to become mixed unitary.

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Cited in

(16)

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• When do composed maps become entanglement breaking?
• Entanglement-breaking indices
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