Instability of unidirectional flows for the 2D -Euler equations

DOI10.3934/CPAA.2020091MaRDI QIDQ2175703zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors H. R. Dullin, Shibi Vasudevan, Joachim Worthington, Yuri Latushkin, Robert Marangell

Publication date 29 April 2020

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.01367

zbMATH Keywords

continued fractionsessential spectruminstabilityunidirectional flows2D \(\alpha\)-Euler equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Euler equations (35Q31) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Spectral theory and eigenvalue problems for partial differential equations (35P99) Convergence and divergence of continued fractions (40A15) Parallel shear flows in hydrodynamic stability (76E05)

Abstract: We study stability of unidirectional flows for the linearized 2D $alpha$-Euler equations on the torus. The unidirectional flows are steady states whose vorticity is given by Fourier modes corresponding to a vector $mathbfpinmathbb{Z}^2$. We linearize the $alpha$-Euler equation and write the linearized operator $L_B$ in $el{l}^2(mathbb{Z}^2)$ as a direct sum of one-dimensional difference operators $L_{B,mathbfq}$ in $el{l}^2(mathbbZ)$ parametrized by some vectors $mathbfqinmathbb{Z}^2$ such that the set $mathbfq+nmathbfp:ninmathbbZ$ covers the entire grid $mathbb{Z}^2$. The set $mathbfq+nmathbfp:ninmathbbZ$ can have zero, one, or two points inside the disk of radius $|mathbfp|$. We consider the case where the set $mathbfq+nmathbfp:ninmathbbZ$ has exactly one point in the open disc of radius $mathbfp$. We show that unidirectional flows that satisfy this condition are linearly unstable. Our main result is an instability theorem that provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a positive eigenvalue to the operator $L_{B,mathbfq}$ in terms of equations involving certain continued fractions. Moreover, we are also able to provide a complete characterization of the corresponding eigenvector. The proof is based on the use of continued fractions techniques expanding upon the ideas of Friedlander and Howard.

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Cited in

(5)

• Fredholm determinants, continued fractions, Jost and Evans functions for a Jacobi matrix associated with the 2D-Euler equations
• Stability theory of the 3-dimensional Euler equations
• Characteristic determinants for a second order difference equation on the half-line arising in hydrodynamics
• Instability of unidirectional flows for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations and related \(\alpha\)-models
• An Evans function for the linearised 2D Euler equations using Hill's determinant

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