Extreme superposition: rogue waves of infinite order and the Painlevé-III hierarchy

DOI10.1215/00127094-2019-0066zbMATH Open1437.35617arXiv1806.00545OpenAlexW3101189885MaRDI QIDQ2178454FDOQ2178454

Authors: Deniz Bilman, Peter D. Miller, Liming Ling 

Publication date: 11 May 2020

Published in: Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the fundamental rogue wave solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schr"odinger equation in the limit of large order. Using a recently-proposed Riemann-Hilbert representation of the rogue wave solution of arbitrary order $k$, we establish the existence of a limiting profile of the rogue wave in the large-$k$ limit when the solution is viewed in appropriate rescaled variables capturing the near-field region where the solution has the largest amplitude. The limiting profile is a new particular solution of the focusing nonlinear Schr"odinger equation in the rescaled variables --- the rogue wave of infinite order --- which also satisfies ordinary differential equations with respect to space and time. The spatial differential equations are identified with certain members of the Painlev'e-III hierarchy. We compute the far-field asymptotic behavior of the near-field limit solution and compare the asymptotic formulae with the exact solution with the help of numerical methods for solving Riemann-Hilbert problems. In a certain transitional region for the asymptotics the near field limit function is described by a specific globally-defined tritronqu'ee solution of the Painlev'e-II equation. These properties lead us to regard the rogue wave of infinite order as a new special function.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00545

Recommendations

• Broader universality of rogue waves of infinite order
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• Higher-order rogue wave solutions of the Sasa–Satsuma equation

zbMATH Keywords

Riemann-Hilbert problemsrogue wavesspectral singularitiesnonlinear Schrödinger equationequations and hierarchies of Painlevé type

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Riemann-Hilbert problems in context of PDEs (35Q15) Soliton equations (35Q51) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Inverse spectral and scattering methods for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K15)

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Cited In (51)

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Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
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