Arithmetical structures on bidents

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2020.111850zbMATH Open1440.05137arXiv1903.01393OpenAlexW3010252892MaRDI QIDQ2182185FDOQ2182185

Authors: Kassie Archer, Abigail C. Bishop, Alexander Diaz-Lopez, Darren B. Glass, Joel Louwsma, Luis David Garcia Puente 

Publication date: 21 May 2020

Published in: Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: An arithmetical structure on a finite, connected graph $G$ is a pair of vectors $(mathbfd,mathbfr)$ with positive integer entries for which $(operatornamediag(mathbfd)-A)mathbfr=mathbf0$, where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$ and where the entries of $mathbfr$ have no common factor. The critical group of an arithmetical structure is the torsion part of the cokernel of $(operatornamediag(mathbfd)-A)$. In this paper, we study arithmetical structures and their critical groups on bidents, which are graphs consisting of a path with two "prongs" at one end. We give a process for determining the number of arithmetical structures on the bident with $n$ vertices and show that this number grows at the same rate as the Catalan numbers as $n$ increases. We also completely characterize the groups that occur as critical groups of arithmetical structures on bidents.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01393

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zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numberLaplacian matrixcritical groupsandpile grouparithmetical structure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50)

Cites Work

• Arithmetical graphs
• Chip-firing and Riemann-Roch theory for directed graphs
• Smith normal form in combinatorics
• Counting arithmetical structures on paths and cycles
• Sharper Bounds for the Chebyshev Functions θ(x) and ψ(x)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Arithmetical structures on graphs
• Divisors and sandpiles. An introduction to chip-firing
• Arithmetical structures on graphs with connectivity one

Cited In (9)

• Arithmetical structures on dominated polynomials
• The extremal spectral radii of the arithmetical structures on paths
• Bounding the number of arithmetical structures on graphs
• The critical polynomial of a graph
• Counting arithmetical structures on paths and cycles
• Critical groups of arithmetical structures on star graphs and complete graphs
• Chip-firing games and critical groups
• Arithmetical structures on paths with a doubled edge
• Critical groups of arithmetical structures under a generalized star-clique operation

Uses Software

• SageMath
• OEIS

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