On the minimum value of the Colless index and the bifurcating trees that achieve it
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Publication:2184640
Abstract: Measures of tree balance play an important role in the analysis of phylogenetic trees. One of the oldest and most popular indices in this regard is the Colless index for rooted bifurcating trees, introduced by Colless (1982). While many of its statistical properties under different probabilistic models for phylogenetic trees have already been established, little is known about its minimum value and the trees that achieve it. In this manuscript, we fill this gap in the literature. To begin with, we derive both recursive and closed expressions for the minimum Colless index of a tree with leaves. Surprisingly, these expressions show a connection between the minimum Colless index and the so-called Blancmange curve, a fractal curve. We then fully characterize the tree shapes that achieve this minimum value and we introduce both an algorithm to generate them and a recurrence to count them. After focusing on two extremal classes of trees with minimum Colless index (the maximally balanced trees and the greedy from the bottom trees), we conclude by showing that all trees with minimum Colless index also have minimum Sackin index, another popular balance index.
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Cited in
(13)- Extremal values of the Sackin tree balance index
- Measuring tree balance using symmetry nodes -- a new balance index and its extremal properties
- A simple derivation of the mean of the Sackin index of tree balance under the uniform model on rooted binary labeled trees
- Two results about the Sackin and Colless indices for phylogenetic trees and their shapes
- Revisiting Shao and Sokal's B₂ index of phylogenetic balance
- Squaring within the Colless index yields a better balance index
- On the Colijn-Plazzotta numbering scheme for unlabeled binary rooted trees
- On the balance of unrooted trees
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- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7806481 (Why is no real title available?)
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