Rankin-Cohen brackets of eigenforms and modular forms

Abstract: We use Maeda's Conjecture to prove that the Rankin-Cohen bracket of an eigenform and any modular form is only an eigenform when forced to be because of the dimensions of the underlying spaces. We further determine when the Rankin-Cohen bracket of an eigenform and modular form is not forced to produce an eigenform and when it is determined by the injectivity of the operator itself. This can also be interpreted as using the Rankin-Cohen bracket operator of eigenforms to create evidence for Maeda's Conjecture.

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In this article, the author considers when the Rankin-Cohen bracket of an eigenform and a modular form is again an eigenform and whether Hecke operators are reducible or not. Let \(M_k\) and \(S_k\) be the spaces of modular forms of weight \(k\) and of cusp forms of weight \(k\) with respect to \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)\) respectively. The \(n\)-th Rankin-Cohen bracket is a bilinear homomorphism of \(M_k\times M_\ell\rightarrow M_{k+\ell+2n}\) defined by \[[f,g]_n=\sum_{r+s=n}(-1)^r\left(\begin{smallmatrix}n+k-1\\ s\end{smallmatrix}\right)\left(\begin{smallmatrix}n+\ell-1\\ r\end{smallmatrix}\right)f^{(r)}(z)g^{(s)}(z),\] where \(f^{(a)}=\frac{d^af}{dz^a}/(2\pi i)^a\). Let \(X_{n,f}\) be the image of the induced homomorphism \(R_{n,f}\) of \(M_\ell\) to \(M_{k+\ell+2n}\) when \(f\in M_k\) is fixed. If one of \(f\) and \(g\) is a cusp form or \(n>0\), then \(X_{n,f}\subset S_{k+\ell+2n}\). Let \(T_m\) be the Hecke operator on \(S_{k+\ell+2n}\). The author gives following results. Let \(f\) be an eigenform. If \(\dim S_{k+\ell+2n}>\dim M_\ell\) and \(X_{n,f}\) contains an eigenform, then \(T_m\) are reducible for all \(m\). Otherwise, depending on the injectivity of \(R_{n,f}\), \(T_m\) are reducible for all \(m\) and /or the Rankin-Cohen bracket produces an eigenform. In fact, if \(X_{n,f}\) is a proper subset of \( S_{k+\ell+2n}\) and contains an eigenform, then all Hecke operators are reducible. However, Maeda's conjecture states that the Hecke algebra over \(\mathbb Q\) of \(S_k\) is simple and its Galois closure has Galois group isomorphic to the Symmetric group. This conjecture implies that all Hecke operators are irreducible. Therefore, combining the conjecture and his results, the author concludes that eigenforms cannot be obtained through the Rankin-Cohen bracket in a way such that one of the factors is an eigenform, under some conditions assumed (see Theorems 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3).

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