Breaking the 12-barrier for the twisted second moment of Dirichlet L-functions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2020.107175MaRDI QIDQ2189481zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kyle Pratt, Nicolas Robles, Alexandru Zaharescu, H. M. Bui

Publication date 15 June 2020

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10803

zbMATH Keywords

Dirichlet \(L\)-functionsKloosterman fractionsmean valuemollifierthird momenttwisted second moment

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06)

Abstract: We study the second moment of Dirichlet $L$-functions to a large prime modulus $q$ twisted by the square of an arbitrary Dirichlet polynomial. We break the $frac12$-barrier in this problem, and obtain an asymptotic formula provided that the length of the Dirichlet polynomial is less than $q^{51/101}=q^{1/2+1/202}$. As an application, we obtain an upper bound of the correct order of magnitude for the third moment of Dirichlet $L$-functions. We give further results when the coefficients of the Dirichlet polynomial are more specialized.

Review text

This paper proves an asymptotic formula for the sum \[ \sum_{\chi(\mathrm{mod}\; q)}{}\!\!\!\!^+ \;L(\tfrac12+\alpha,\chi) L(\tfrac12+\beta,\overline{\chi})|A(\chi)|^2 \] for an arbitrary Dirichlet polynomial \[ A(\chi)=\sum_{n\le q^{\kappa}}a_n\chi(n), \] whenever \(\kappa<1/2+1/202\). Here \(q\) is an odd prime,and the superscript \(+\) indicates a sum over primitive even characters. The parameters \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are required to have real parts \(O(1/\log q)\) and imaginary parts \(O(\log q)\). The asymptotic formula has an explicit but slightly complicated main term, and an error term which saves a small power of \(q\). The significance of the result is that \(\kappa\) can be strictly larger than \(\tfrac12\), and this allows the authors to deduce that \[ (\log q)^{9/4}\ll q^{-1}\sum_{\chi(\mathrm{mod}\; q)}{}^+ |L(\tfrac12,\chi)|^3\ll(\log q)^{9/4}. \] The paper also shows how to extend the permissible range for \(\kappa\) when the coefficients \(a_n\) have certain special structures. The proof produces sums \[ \sum_{u,v;\, uv\ll q^{1+\varepsilon}} \sum_{\substack{m,n\le q^{\kappa}\\ um\equiv\pm vn(\mathrm{mod}\; q)}} a_m\overline{a_n}, \] in which the condition \(um=\pm vn+qr\) gets re-interpreted as a congruence modulo \(n\). One can then apply the Poisson summation formula to produce sums involving Kloosterman fractions of the shape \(qrw\overline{m}/n\). In the ``balanced case, when \(um\) and \(vn\) have roughly the same size, one can use results on cancellation of sums of Kloosterman sums, due to \textit{W. Duke} et al. [Invent. Math. 128, No. 1, 23--43 (1997; Zbl 0873.11050)] and \textit{S. Bettin} and \textit{V. Chandee} [Adv. Math. 328, 1234--1262 (2018; Zbl 1448.11158)]. For the remaining ``unbalanced case the authors use an argument involving the additive large sieve.

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Cited in

(9)

• Exceptional characters and nonvanishing of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions
• Nonvanishing of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions. II
• Zeros of dirichlet L‐functions near the critical line
• Moments of Dirichlet L-functions to a fixed modulus over function fields
• Bounds for moments of Dirichlet L-functions to a fixed modulus
• Spectral moment formulae for GL(3) GL(2)L-functions. III: The twisted case
• Upper bounds for moments of Dirichlet L-functions to a fixed modulus
• Weighted central limit theorems for central values of L-functions
• Upper bounds on large deviations of Dirichlet L-functions in the q-aspect

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