Instability of solutions to the Ginzburg-Landau equation on S^n and C P^n

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2020.108669MaRDI QIDQ2192344zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 August 2020

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.04097

Ginzburg-Landau functional Morse index second variation stationary varifolds in codimension two

Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs (e.g., energy functionals) (35B38) Ginzburg-Landau equations (35Q56) Special connections and metrics on vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein, Yang-Mills) (53C07) Variational problems concerning extremal problems in several variables; Yang-Mills functionals (58E15) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13)

Abstract: We study critical points of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional and the abelian Yang-Mills-Higgs (YMH) functional on the sphere and the complex projective space, both equipped with the standard metrics. For the GL functional we prove that on

S^{n}

with

n g e q 2

and

m a t h b b {C P}^{n}

with

n g e q 1

, stable critical points must be constants. In addition, for GL critical points on

S^{n}

for

n g e q 3

we obtain a lower bound on the Morse index under suitable assumptions. On the other hand, for the abelian YMH functional we prove that on

S^{n}

with

n g e q 4

there are no stable critical points unless the line bundle is isomorphic to

S^{n} i m e s m a t h b b C

, in which case the only stable critical points are the trivial ones. Our methods come from the work of Lawson--Simons.

Review text

Stability of varifolds/currents in \(\mathbb S^n\) and \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) has been studied in [\textit{H. B. Lawson jun.} and \textit{J. Simons}, Ann. Math. (2) 98, 427--450 (1973; Zbl 0283.53049)], and has been extended to Yang-Mills connections and harmonic maps on \(\mathbb S^n\) in [\textit{J.-P. Bourguignon} and \textit{H. B. Lawson jun.}, Commun. Math. Phys. 79, 189--230 (1981; Zbl 0475.53060)] and [\textit{Y. L. Xin}, Duke Math. J. 47, 609--613 (1980; Zbl 0513.58019)]. Let \(\varepsilon>0\) be a given length-scale, \(M\) be either \(\mathbb S^n\) or \(\mathbb {CP}^n\), and \(g\) be the Riemannian metric on \(M\). The author addresses similar questions but for the \((GL_\varepsilon)\) and \((YMH)_\varepsilon\) functionals on the closed Riemannian \(n\)-manifold \((M,g)\). The \((GL_\varepsilon)\) functional is defined on complex-valued functions \(u\in W^{1,2}(M)\) as follows \[E_\varepsilon(u)=\int_M \frac{1}2|\nabla u|^2+\frac1{4\varepsilon^2}(1-|u|^2)^2\,d\mu_g\,.\] Picking a stable critical point \(u\) of \(E_\varepsilon\), the authors prove the following properties: \begin{itemize} \item[--] If \(M=\mathbb S^n\), it is a pure phase, i.e. \(u=e^{{\mathrm i}\theta}\) with \(\theta\in\mathbb R\) a constant. \item[--] If \(M=\mathbb {SP}^n\), and \(E_\varepsilon(u)\approx |\ln\varepsilon|\), then the Morse index of \(u\) is \(\geq 2\). \end{itemize} The \((YMH)_\varepsilon\) functional is defined on configurations \((u,D)\) where \(D\) is a metric connetection on a complex line bundle \(L\) over \(M\), and \(u:M\to L\) is a section of \(L\). Denoting by \(F_D\) the curvature of \(D\) multiplied by the complex number \(\mathrm i=\sqrt{-1}\), the \((YMH)_\varepsilon\) functional is then defined as follows \[F_\varepsilon(u,D)=\int_M \varepsilon^2|F_D|^2+|Du|^2+\frac1{4\varepsilon^2}(1-|u|^2)^2\,d\mu_g\,. \] In the case \(M=\mathbb S^n\), the author proves that, if a stable critical point \((u,D)\) of \(F_\varepsilon\) exists within a certain class, then the bundle \(L\) is trivial, and the configuration \((u, D)\) is gauge equivalent to the trivial configuration \((1, d)\).

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