A Lefschetz fibration on minimal symplectic fillings of a quotient surface singularity

DOI10.1007/S00209-019-02387-6MaRDI QIDQ2193040zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 24 August 2020

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03304

Lefschetz fibration quotient surface singularity symplectic filling

Global theory and resolution of singularities (algebro-geometric aspects) (14E15) Singularities of surfaces or higher-dimensional varieties (14J17) Symplectic manifolds (general theory) (53D05) Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension (57R17)

Abstract: In this article, we construct a genus-

0

or genus-

1

positive allowable Lefschetz fibration on any minimal symplectic filling of the link of non-cyclic quotient surface singularities. As a byproduct, we also show that any minimal symplectic filling of the link of quotient surface singularities can be obtained from a sequence of rational blowdowns from its minimal resolution.

Review text

If \((X,0)=(\mathbb{C}^2/G,0)\subset(\mathbb{C}^N,0)\) is a germ of a quotient surface singularity, where \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(U(2)\) without reflections, and \(B\subset\mathbb{C}^N\) is a small ball centered at the origin, then a small neighborhood \(X\cap B\) of the singularity is homeomorphic to the cone over its boundary \(L=X\cap\partial B\). The smooth compact \(3\)-manifold \(L\) is called the link of the singularity. The topology of the germ \((X,0)\) is completely determined by its link \(L\) and the link \(L\) admits a natural contact structure \(\xi_{\mathrm{st}}\), the so-called Milnor fillable contact structure \(\xi_{\mathrm{st}}=TL\cap JTL\), where \(J\) is an induced complex structure along \(L\). A symplectic filling of \((X,0)\) is a symplectic \(4\)-manifold \((W,\omega)\), where the boundary \(\partial W=L\) satisfies the compatibility condition \(\omega=d\alpha_{\mathrm{st}}\) near \(L\), and \(\alpha_{\mathrm{st}}\) is a \(1\)-form defining the contact structure \(\xi_{\mathrm{st}}=\ker\alpha_{\mathrm{st}}\) on \(L\). The manifold \(W\) is called a Stein filling of \((X,0)\) if it is a Stein manifold with \(L\) as its strictly pseudoconvex boundary and \(\xi_{\mathrm{st}}\) is the set of complex tangencies to \(L\). Stein fillings are minimal symplectic fillings of the link \(L\) of \((X,0)\). A proper flat map \(\pi:\mathcal{X}\to\Delta\) with \(\Delta=\{t\in\mathbb{C};\ |t|<\varepsilon\}\) is called a smoothing of \((X,0)\) if it satisfies \(\pi^{-1}(0)=X\) and \(\pi^{-1}(t)\) is smooth for all \(t\ne 0\). The Milnor fiber \(M\) of a smoothing \(\pi\) of \((X,0)\) is defined as a general fiber \(\pi^{-1}(t)\). The Milnor fiber \(M\) is a compact \(4\)-manifold with link \(L\) as its boundary and the diffeomorphism type depends only on the smoothing \(\pi\). In this paper, the authors construct a positive allowable Lefschetz fibration on any minimal symplectic filling of the link of non-cyclic quotient surface singularities. If there is no bad vertex in the minimal resolution graph, the authors construct a genus-\(0\) positive allowable Lefschetz fibration on the minimal resolution graph, and if there is a bad vertex, then they construct a genus-\(1\) positive allowable Lefschetz fibration, which is a special case of open book decompositions on the boundary of plumbings. Next, they show that the induced contact structure on the boundary is the Milnor fillable contact structure, which can be obtained by computing the first Chern class in terms of vanishing cycles and the rotation number of these vanishing cycles. Then, they construct a positive allowable Lefschetz fibration on any minimal symplectic filling via the corresponding \(P\)-resolution. Finally the authors show that a Lefschetz fibration of any minimal symplectic filling can be obtained by monodromy substitutions from the minimal resolution of the corresponding singularity. The main result of the paper states that every minimal symplectic filling of the link of non-cyclic quotient surface singularities admits a genus-\(0\) or genus-\(1\) positive allowable Lefschetz fibration over the disk. Furthermore, each symplectic filling can be also obtained by rational blowdowns from the minimal resolution of its singularity.

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