A Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem for Asplund operators

DOI10.1007/S10114-020-9410-5MaRDI QIDQ2194746zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kang Kang Xu, Wen Zhang, Zhe-Ming Zheng, Lixin Cheng, Qingjin Cheng

Publication date 7 September 2020

Published in Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-020-9410-5

Asplund operator Banach space Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem Fréchet differentiability of convex functions Radon-Nikodým operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isometric theory of Banach spaces (46B04) Rings and algebras of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E25) Linear operators defined by compactness properties (47B07) Linear operators on Banach algebras (47B48) Differentiation theory (Gateaux, Fréchet, etc.) on manifolds (58C20)

Review text

By definition, a pair \((X,Y)\) of Banach spaces has the \textit{Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property} (\textit{BPBp} for short) if for every \(\varepsilon>0\) there exists \(\eta(\varepsilon)>0\) such that for every operator \(T\in \mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) with \(\|T\|=1\) and \(x_0\in S_X\) such that \(\|Tx_0\|>1-\eta(\varepsilon)\), there exist \(S\in \mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) and \(x\in S_X\) with \[ \|S\|=\|Sx\|=1, \quad \|S-T\|<\varepsilon, \quad \text{and} \quad \|x_0-x\|<\varepsilon. \tag{*} \] Among many other results, it is known that the BPBp holds true when \(Y\) has Lindenstrauss's property \(\beta\) [\textit{M. D. Acosta} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 254, No. 11, 2780--2799 (2008; Zbl 1152.46006)], in particular, if \(c_0\subset Y \subset \ell_\infty\) or if \(Y\) is a finite-dimensional polyhedral space. On the other hand, there are Banach spaces \(Y\) such that the pair \((\ell_1^2,Y)\) fails the BPBp even though all elements in \(\mathcal{L}(\ell_1^2,Y)\) attain their norms [loc.\,cit.]; moreover, this \(Y\) can be found in such a way that for every Banach space \(X\) norm attaining operators are dense in \(\mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) [\textit{R. Aron} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 367, No. 9, 6085--6101 (2015; Zbl 1331.46008)]. When a pair \((X,Y)\) does not enjoy the BPBp, one can ask what additional properties of \(T\in \mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) may ensure the existence of approximation (\(*\)). An important example of such kind of theorems was given by \textit{R. M. Aron} et al. [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 139, No. 10, 3553--3560 (2011; Zbl 1235.46013)], where it was demonstrated that for arbitrary \(X\) and for \(Y = C(K)\) the approximation exists for Asplund operators. The paper under review is developing the latter line of research. The authors introduce the notion of generic Fréchet differentiability operator. This name is given to those \(T\in \mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) for which the map \(x \mapsto \|T(x)\|\) is Fréchet differentiable on a dense \(G_\delta\) subset of \(X\). They study properties of this class, the relationship with Asplund operators and with \(\Gamma\)-flat operators, introduced in [\textit{B. Cascales} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 274, No. 3, 863--888 (2018; Zbl 1396.46006)]. This concept allows to give a new proof of the Aron-Cascales-Kozhushkina theorem [Aron et al., loc.\,cit.]\ with the sharp estimate \(\eta(\varepsilon) = \varepsilon^2/2\). The authors also demonstrate a dual version of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for strong Radon-Nikodým operators \(T: \ell_1 \to Y\). The paper contains all the necessary preliminaries for its understanding.

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