Abelian quandles and quandles with abelian structure group

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2020.106474MaRDI QIDQ2196336zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Victoria Lebed, Arnaud Mortier

Publication date 28 August 2020

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06745

zbMATH Keywords

Yang-Baxter equationquandlestructure grouprack homology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other homology theories in algebraic topology (55N35) Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Extensions, wreath products, and other compositions of groups (20E22) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Sets with a single binary operation (groupoids) (20N02) Finite abelian groups (20K01) Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, quandles, etc.) (57K12)

Abstract: Sets with a self-distributive operation (in the sense of $(ariangleleftb)riangleleftc=(ariangleleftc)riangleleft(briangleleftc))$, in particular quandles, appear in knot and braid theories, Hopf algebra classification, the study of the Yang-Baxter equation, and other areas. An important invariant of quandles is their structure group. The structure group of a finite quandle is known to be either "boring" (free abelian), or "interesting" (non-abelian with torsion). In this paper we explicitly describe all finite quandles with abelian structure group. To achieve this, we show that such quandles are abelian (i.e., satisfy $(ariangleleftb)riangleleftc=(ariangleleftc)riangleleftb)$; present the structure group of any abelian quandle as a central extension of a free abelian group by an explicit finite abelian group; and determine when the latter is trivial. In the second part of the paper, we relate the structure group of any quandle to its 2nd homology group $H_2$. We use this to prove that the $H_2$ of a finite quandle with abelian structure group is torsion-free, but general abelian quandles may exhibit torsion. Torsion in $H_2$ is important for constructing knot invariants and pointed Hopf algebras.

Recommendations

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• THE SECOND QUANDLE HOMOLOGY OF THE TAKASAKI QUANDLE OF AN ODD ABELIAN GROUP IS AN EXTERIOR SQUARE OF THE GROUP
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Cited in

(19)

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• Structure of the associated groups of quandles
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