Abelian quandles and quandles with abelian structure group

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2020.106474zbMATH Open1473.20069arXiv1908.06745OpenAlexW3036869143MaRDI QIDQ2196336FDOQ2196336

Authors: Victoria Lebed, Arnaud Mortier 

Publication date: 28 August 2020

Published in: Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Sets with a self-distributive operation (in the sense of $(ariangleleftb)riangleleftc=(ariangleleftc)riangleleft(briangleleftc))$, in particular quandles, appear in knot and braid theories, Hopf algebra classification, the study of the Yang-Baxter equation, and other areas. An important invariant of quandles is their structure group. The structure group of a finite quandle is known to be either "boring" (free abelian), or "interesting" (non-abelian with torsion). In this paper we explicitly describe all finite quandles with abelian structure group. To achieve this, we show that such quandles are abelian (i.e., satisfy $(ariangleleftb)riangleleftc=(ariangleleftc)riangleleftb)$; present the structure group of any abelian quandle as a central extension of a free abelian group by an explicit finite abelian group; and determine when the latter is trivial. In the second part of the paper, we relate the structure group of any quandle to its 2nd homology group $H_2$. We use this to prove that the $H_2$ of a finite quandle with abelian structure group is torsion-free, but general abelian quandles may exhibit torsion. Torsion in $H_2$ is important for constructing knot invariants and pointed Hopf algebras.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06745

Recommendations

• Hom quandles
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• Commutator theory for racks and quandles
• THE SECOND QUANDLE HOMOLOGY OF THE TAKASAKI QUANDLE OF AN ODD ABELIAN GROUP IS AN EXTERIOR SQUARE OF THE GROUP
• Connected quandles associated with pointed abelian groups

zbMATH Keywords

Yang-Baxter equationquandlestructure grouprack homology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other homology theories in algebraic topology (55N35) Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Extensions, wreath products, and other compositions of groups (20E22) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Sets with a single binary operation (groupoids) (20N02) Finite abelian groups (20K01) Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, quandles, etc.) (57K12)

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Cited In (9)

• Quandles with orbit series conditions
• Embeddings of quandles into groups
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• A characterization of central extensions in the variety of quandles
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• An extension formula for right Bol loops arising from Bol reflections
• On various types of nilpotency of the structure monoid and group of a set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation
• Schur multipliers and second quandle homology
• THE SECOND QUANDLE HOMOLOGY OF THE TAKASAKI QUANDLE OF AN ODD ABELIAN GROUP IS AN EXTERIOR SQUARE OF THE GROUP

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