Set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation

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Publication:1974965



Abstract: In 1992 V.Drinfeld formulated a number of problems in quantum group theory. In particular, he suggested to consider ``set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, i.e. solutions given by a permutation R of the set XimesX, where X is a fixed set. In this paper we study such solutions, which in addition satisfy the unitarity and nondegeneracy conditions. We discuss the geometric and algebraic interpretations of such solutions, introduce several constructions of them, and make first steps towards their classification.


The authors define the notion of a nondegenerate symmetric set, which is a set \(X\) with an invertible map \(R:X\times X\to X\times X\) satisfying the quantum Yang-Baxter equation \(R^{12} R^{13} R^{23}= R^{23} R^{13} R^{12}\) as maps from \(X\times X\times X\) to \(X\times X\times X\) (where \(R^{ij}\) means \(R\) acting on the \(i\)th and \(j\)th components), and some nondegeneracy and unitarity conditions. A topological interpretation of this notion is given. A structure group \(G_X\) is associated to a nondegenerate symmetric set \(X\), and this is used to prove that nondegenerate symmetric sets, up to isomorphism, are in a bijective correspondence with quadruples \((G,X,\rho,\pi)\), where \(G\) is a group, \(X\) is a set, \(\rho\) is a left action of \(G\) on \(X\), and \(\pi\) is a bijective 1-cocycle of \(G\) with coefficients in \(\mathbb{Z}^X\). Indecomposable nondegenerate symmetric sets with \(p\) elements are classified for prime \(p\), and this is used to show that \(G_X\) is solvable for finite \(X\). Some quantum algebras are associated to nondegenerate symmetric sets by the FRT construction. Several constructions of nondegenerate symmetric sets are presented and the results of a computer calculation which finds all nondegenerate symmetric sets with at most 8 elements are given. Power series solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation are considered.




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