A characterization of weakly Schreier extensions of monoids

is relaxed, the resulting split extension is called weakly Schreier. A natural example of these is the Artin glueings of frames. In this paper we provide a complete characterization of the weakly Schreier extensions of

H

by

N

, proving them to be equivalent to certain quotients of

N i m e s H

paired with a function that behaves like an action with respect to the quotient. Furthermore, we demonstrate the failure of the split short lemma in this setting and provide a full characterization of the morphisms that occur between weakly Schreier extensions. Finally, we use the characterization to construct some classes of examples of weakly Schreier extensions.

Review text

A diagram \(N\xrightarrow{k}G \overset{e}{\underset{s}\rightleftarrows} H\) of monoids is called a \textit{split extension} of \(H\) by \(N\) if 1) \(k\) is the kernel of \(e\), 2) \(e\) is the cokernel of \(k\), 3) \(es=1_H\). A split extenson is called \textit{weakly Schreier} when every element of \(g\in G\) can be written as \(g=k(n)\cdot se(g)\) for some \(n\in N\). If \(n\) is unique, then the extension is called \textit{Schreier}. An \textit{admissible equivalence relation} on \(N\times H\) and an \textit{action} \(H\times N\to N\) with respect to an admissible quotient \(Q\) of \(N\times H\) are defined. It turns out that if \(Q\) is an admissible quotient of \(N\times H\) and \(\alpha\in\mathrm{Act}_Q\) an element (Act\(_Q\) -- the set of actions with respect to \(Q\)), then a multiplication on \(Q\) can be defined that makes it a monoid \(Q_{\alpha}\). It is proved that the digram \(N\xrightarrow{k}Q_{\alpha} \overset{e}{\underset{s}\rightleftarrows} H\) where \(k(n)=[n,1]\), \(e([n,h])=h\) and \(s(h)=[1,h]\), is a weakly Schreier extension. It is also proved that for all monoids \(H\) and \(N\), the category WSExt(\(H,N\)) of weakly Schreier extensions is a preorder category which is equivalent to the preorder category WAct\((H,N)\) whose objects are pairs \((Q,[\alpha])\) where \(Q\) is an admissible quotient of \(N\times H\) and \([\alpha]\in\mathrm{Act}_Q/{\sim}\) ( \(\sim\) -- certain equivalence relation on Act\(_Q\)). A construction reminiscent of Artin's glueing for weakly Schreier extensions of H by N, where N is commutative, is presented and the \textit{coarse quotient} on \(N\times H\) is defined and studied.

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