Quotients of monoid extensions and their interplay with Baer sums

Nonabelian homological algebra (category-theoretic aspects) (18G50) Inverse semigroups (20M18) Connections of semigroups with homological algebra and category theory (20M50)

Abstract: Cosetal extensions of monoids generalise extensions of groups, special Schreier extensions of monoids and Leech's normal extensions of groups by monoids. They share a number of properties with group extensions, including a notion of Baer sum when the kernel is abelian. However, unlike group extensions (with fixed kernel and cokernel) there may be nontrivial morphisms between them. We explore the structure of the category of cosetal extensions and relate it to an analogue of second cohomology groups. Finally, the order structure and additive structures are combined to give an indexed family of inverse semigroups of extensions. These in turn can be combined into an inverse category.

Review text

A diagram \(N\xrightarrow{k}G\xrightarrow{e}H\) of monoids is called an \(extension\) (of \(H\) by \(N\)) when \(k\) is the kernel of \(e\) and \(e\) is the cokernel on \(k\). An extension of monoids is called a \textit{split extension} if there exists a monoid homomorphism \(s\colon H\to G \) such that \(es=1_H\). A split extenson is called \textit{weakly Schreier} when every element of \(g\in G\) can be written as \(g=k(n)\cdot se(g)\) for some \(n\in N\). An \textit{admissible equivalence relation} \(E\) on \(N\times H\) and a \textit{compatible action} \(H\times N\to N\) with respect to an admissible equivalence relation \(E\) are defined. This allows to derive a complete characterization of weakly Schreier extensions of monoids. An extension is called \(cosetal\) if whenever \(e(g) = e(g')\) there exists an \(n\in N\) such that \(g=k(n)g'\). If \(n\) is unique, then the extension is called \textit{special Schreier}. It is assumed in all that follows that the kernel \(N\) is an abelian group. To each cosetal extension an admissible equivalence relation \(E\) and a compatible class of actions \([\varphi]\), \(\varphi\colon H\times N\to N\), is associated. This allows to define the second cohomology groups \(\mathcal{H}^2(H,N, E,[\varphi])\). It is shown that the assignment of compatible pairs (\(E, [\varphi]\)) to the cohomology groups becomes a functor between the respective categories. Criteria for morphisms between cosetal extensions are also derived. For the last part, a \textit{valid action} \(\varphi\colon H\times N\to N\) is defined and an inverse monoid with (\(E, [g]\)) as its elements is constructed, where \(E\) is a certain equivalence relation compatible with \(\varphi\) and \([g]\in\mathcal{H}^2(H,N, E,[\varphi])\).

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