Higher degree Killing forms on 2-step nilmanifolds
Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (22E25) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15) Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Differential geometry of homogeneous manifolds (53C30) Geodesic flows in symplectic geometry and contact geometry (53D25)
Killing forms in this article are studied on simply connected 2-step nilpotent Lie groups endowed with left-invariant Riemannian metrics, and they are classified when the center of the Lie group is at most two-dimensional. Initially, here some general results are proved. It is shown that the de Rham decomposition of nilpotent Lie groups is closely related to the decomposition of the underlying metric Lie algebra into an orthogonal direct sum of ideals. Also, it is shown that every left-invariant Killing form on a product of Riemannian Lie groups is a sum of Killing forms on the factors and a parallel form. Further it is proved that, if \(\mathfrak{n}\) is a non-abelian nilpotent Lie algebra and its center is one-dimensional, then \(\mathfrak{n}\) is isomorphic to the Heisenberg Lie algebra \(h^{2n+1}\) and its metric structure can be described by an invertible matrix in \(\mathrm{so}(2n)\). Then it is proved that, if \((\mathfrak{n}, g)\) is a 2-step nilpotent metric Lie algebra with two-dimensional center, then, if \((\mathfrak{n}, g\)) is irreducible, the space \(\mathcal{K}^p(\mathfrak{n},g)\) of Killing \(p\)-forms on \((\mathfrak{n}, g)\) has the following properties: \(\mathcal{K}^1(\mathfrak{n}, g)\) is two-dimensional; \(\mathcal{K}^2(\mathfrak{n}, g)\) is one-dimensional if \(\mathfrak{n}\) has a bi-invariant \(g\)-orthogonal complex structure, and zero otherwise; \(\mathcal{K}^p(\mathfrak{n}, g) = 0\) for \(4 \le p \le \dim(\mathfrak{n}) - 1\) and \(\mathcal{K}^p(\mathfrak{n}, g)\) one-dimensional if \(p = \dim(n)\). A similar description is given if \((\mathfrak{n}, g)\) is reducible.
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