On the size of the set of unbounded multilinear operators between Banach spaces
Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Lineability in functional analysis (46B87) Topological linear spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E10) Spaces of differentiable or holomorphic functions on infinite-dimensional spaces (46E50) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25)
Recall that a subset \(A\) of vector space \(V\) is called {\em \(\beta\)-lineable} for some cardinal number \(\beta\) provided that \(A \cup \{0\}\) contains a \(\beta\)-dimensional subspace. The authors study a refinement of \(\beta\)-lineability, {\em \((\alpha,\beta)\)}-lineability, where the cardinal \(\alpha <\beta,\) defined as follows: For \(A \subset V\) as above, \(A\) is called {\em\((\alpha,\beta)\)-lineable} provided (i) \(A\) is \(\alpha\)-lineable as a subset of \(V\) and (ii) For every \(\alpha\)-dimensional vector subspace \(W_\alpha \subset A \cup \{0\},\) there is a subspace \(W_\beta\) of dimension \(\beta\) such that \(W_\alpha \subset W_\beta \subset A \cup \{0\}.\) Note that \((0,\beta)\)-lineable is the same as \(\beta\)-lineable. As the authors note, techniques to show \(\beta\)-lineability cannot be applied to the more restrictive case of \((\alpha,\beta)\)-lineability. A number of interesting properties of the set of discontinuous multilinear forms are proved. For instance, if \(E\) is an infinite-dimensional normed space and \(m \in \mathbb{N},\) then the set of discontinuous \(m\)-linear forms \(E \times \cdots \times E \to \mathbb{R}\) is \((n, 2^{\dim E})\)-lineable for every \(n \in \mathbb{N}.\) Further, \(2^{\dim E}\) cannot be replaced by a larger cardinal. Also, if \(E\) and \(F\) are normed spaces such that \(c < \dim E < \dim F,\) then the set of discontinuous \(m\)-linear mappings \(E \times \cdots \times E \to F\) is \((\gamma, 2^{\dim E})\)-lineable for every \(m\) and every cardinal \(\gamma < \dim E.\)
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