A separation theorem for nonconvex sets and its applications
asymmetric normconvex setHausdorff metricmultifunctionproximally smooth setseparation of convex setsuniformly prox-regular setweakly convex set
Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) (41A65) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Applications of functional analysis in optimization, convex analysis, mathematical programming, economics (46N10) Set-valued operators (47H04) Nonsmooth analysis (49J52) Set-valued and variational analysis (49J53) Sensitivity, stability, well-posedness (49K40)
The paper is concerned with the separation of closed subsets of a Banach space \(E\) by spheres or by boundaries of quasi-balls (a quasi-ball is a ball corresponding to an asymmetric norm). Denote by \(\mathfrak{B}_r(x)\) the closed ball in \(E\) of center \(x\) and radius \(r>0\) and by \(\mathfrak{B}_r\) the ball with center 0. A set \(C\) is called a summand of \(\mathfrak{B}_r\) if \(\mathfrak{B}_r=C+D\) for some \(D\subset E\). As a sample we mention Theorem~2.1: Let \(E\) be a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space, \(0< r < R\), \(A\subset E\) closed and uniformly prox-regular, \(C\subset E\) a convex closed summand of \(\mathfrak{B}_r \) with nonempty interior and such that \(A\cap\mathrm{int}\, C=\emptyset\). Then there exist \(a,c\in E\) such that \[ \mathrm{int}\, C\subset\mathrm{int}\,\mathfrak{B}_r(c)\subset\mathrm{int}\,\mathfrak{B}_R(a)\subset E\setminus A\,. \] The separation by quasi-balls of weakly convex sets (see, for instance, [\textit{G. E. Ivanov}, Weakly convex sets and functions. Theory and applications. (Russian). Moskva: Fizmatlit (2006; Zbl 1171.26006)]) is treated in Section~3. From the authors' abstract: ``These separation theorems are applied for proving some theorems on the continuity (with respect to Hausdorff metric) of the intersection of two multifunctions, the values of one of them being prox-regular or weakly convex (nonconvex, in general), and the values of the other being convex and summands of a ball or quasi-ball. As a corollary, a theorem on the continuity of a multifunction with values bounded by the graphs of two functions is obtained (in Section~4).
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