Nearly orthogonal vectors and small antipodal spherical codes

Publication date 15 September 2020

Abstract: How can

d + k

vectors in

m a t h b b R^{d}

be arranged so that they are as close to orthogonal as possible? In particular, define

h e t a (d, k) := m i n_{X} m a x_{x e q y i n X} | l a n g l e x, y a n g l e |

where the minimum is taken over all collections of

d + k

unit vectors

X s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{d}

. In this paper, we focus on the case where

k

is fixed and

d o i n f t y

. In establishing bounds on

h e t a (d, k)

, we find an intimate connection to the existence of systems of

k + 1 c h o o s e 2

equiangular lines in

m a t h b b R^{k}

. Using this connection, we are able to pin down

h e t a (d, k)

whenever

k i n 1, 2, 3, 7, 23

and establish asymptotics for general

k

. The main tool is an upper bound on

m a t h b b E_{x, y s i m m u} | l a n g l e x, y a n g l e |

whenever

m u

is an isotropic probability mass on

m a t h b b R^{k}

, which may be of independent interest. Our results translate naturally to the analogous question in

m a t h b b C^{d}

. In this case, the question relates to the existence of systems of

k^{2}

equiangular lines in

m a t h b b C^{k}

, also known as SIC-POVM in physics literature.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(18)

This page was built for publication: Nearly orthogonal vectors and small antipodal spherical codes