Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions

DOI10.1007/S00220-020-03828-8MaRDI QIDQ2200482zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. Kalinin, M. Shkolnikov

Publication date 22 September 2020

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.04285

zbMATH Keywords

superharmonic functionswave operatorsandpile solitons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Dynamical aspects of cellular automata (37B15)

Abstract: Let $F:mathbb{Z}^{2}omathbbZ$ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing of integer-valued superharmonic function allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal superharmonic function which coincides with $F$ "at infinity". We develop such a theory to prove the existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a certain sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for a square where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we send waves (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes.

Recommendations

• Smooth sand piles
• Apollonian structure in the abelian sandpile
• A new sandpile model with smoothness assumptions
• Sandpiles on the square lattice
• Convergence of the abelian sandpile

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Cited in

(4)

• Integer superharmonic matrices on the \(F\)-lattice
• Relaxation in one-dimensional tropical sandpile
• Sandpile solitons in higher dimensions
• Convergence of a sandpile model on a triangular lattice

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