Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions

DOI10.1007/S00220-020-03828-8zbMATH Open1454.60142arXiv1711.04285OpenAlexW3068355630MaRDI QIDQ2200482FDOQ2200482

Authors: N. Kalinin, M. Shkolnikov 

Publication date: 22 September 2020

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $F:mathbb{Z}^{2}omathbbZ$ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing of integer-valued superharmonic function allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal superharmonic function which coincides with $F$ "at infinity". We develop such a theory to prove the existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a certain sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for a square where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we send waves (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.04285

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zbMATH Keywords

superharmonic functionswave operatorsandpile solitons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Dynamical aspects of cellular automata (37B15)

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Cited In (3)

• Relaxation in one-dimensional tropical sandpile
• Sandpile solitons in higher dimensions
• Convergence of a sandpile model on a triangular lattice

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