The Apollonian structure of integer superharmonic matrices

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2017.186.1.1zbMATH Open1457.52018arXiv1309.3267OpenAlexW2964066739MaRDI QIDQ2364592FDOQ2364592

Authors: Lionel Levine, Wesley Pegden, Charles K. Smart 

Publication date: 21 July 2017

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove that the set of quadratic growths attainable by integer-valued superharmonic functions on the lattice $mathbb{Z}^2$ has the structure of an Apollonian circle packing. This completely characterizes the PDE which determines the continuum scaling limit of the Abelian sandpile on the lattice $mathbb{Z}^2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.3267

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zbMATH Keywords

circle packingsuperharmonicApolloniansandpile

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions on other spaces (31C05) Viscosity solutions to PDEs (35D40) Dynamic critical phenomena in statistical mechanics (82C27) Circle packings and discrete conformal geometry (52C26)

Cites Work

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Cited In (19)

• Integer superharmonic matrices on the \(F\)-lattice
• Dynamic dimensional reduction in the abelian sandpile
• Flow-firing processes
• Deterministic abelian sandpile and square-triangle tilings
• Apollonian structure in the abelian sandpile
• Stability of patterns in the abelian sandpile
• The sandpile identity element on an ellipse
• Universality conjectures for activated random walk
• How far do activated random walkers spread from a single source?
• Sandpile solitons in higher dimensions
• Convergence of a sandpile model on a triangular lattice
• The sensual Apollonian circle packing
• Convergence of the random abelian sandpile
• Laplacian growth, sandpiles, and scaling limits
• Laplacian growth and sandpiles on the Sierpiński gasket: limit shape universality and exact solutions
• Sandpile toppling on Penrose tilings: identity and isotropic dynamics
• Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions
• A shape theorem for exploding sandpiles
• Strong emergence of wave patterns on Kadanoff sandpiles

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