Exponentially small splitting of separatrices associated to 3D whiskered tori with cubic frequencies

DOI10.1007/S00220-020-03832-YMaRDI QIDQ2200489zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Amadeu Delshams, Marina Gonchenko, Pere Gutiérrez

Publication date 22 September 2020

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01439, http://hdl.handle.net/2117/331406

zbMATH Keywords

splitting of invariant manifoldsnearly integrable Hamiltonian systemfrequency vectorresonance properties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bifurcation problems for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J20) Stability problems for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J25) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM theory (70H08) General theory of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian structures, symmetries, invariants (37J06)

Abstract: We study the splitting of invariant manifolds of whiskered (hyperbolic) tori with three frequencies in a nearly-integrable Hamiltonian system, whose hyperbolic part is given by a pendulum. We consider a 3-dimensional torus with a fast frequency vector $omega/sqrtvarepsilon$, with $omega=(1,Omega,widetildeOmega)$ where $Omega$ is a cubic irrational number whose two conjugates are complex, and the components of $omega$ generate the field $mathbbQ(Omega)$. A paradigmatic case is the cubic golden vector, given by the (real) number $Omega$ satisfying $Omeg{a}^3=1-Omega$, and $widetildeOmega=Omeg{a}^2$. For such 3-dimensional frequency vectors, the standard theory of continued fractions cannot be applied, so we develop a methodology for determining the behavior of the small divisors $langlek,omegaangle$, $kin{mathbbZ}^3$. Applying the Poincar'e-Melnikov method, this allows us to carry out a careful study of the dominant harmonic (which depends on $varepsilon$) of the Melnikov function, obtaining an asymptotic estimate for the maximal splitting distance, which is exponentially small in $varepsilon$, and valid for all sufficiently small values of~$varepsilon$. This estimate behaves like $exp-h_1(varepsilon)/varepsilo{n}^{1/6}$ and we provide, for the first time in a system with 3 frequencies, an accurate description of the (positive) function $h_1(varepsilon)$ in the numerator of the exponent, showing that it can be explicitly constructed from the resonance properties of the frequency vector $omega$, and proving that it is a quasiperiodic function (and not periodic) with respect to $lnvarepsilon$. In this way, we emphasize the strong dependence of the estimates for the splitting on the arithmetic properties of the frequencies.

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Cited in

(8)

• Exponentially small asymptotic estimates for the splitting of separatrices to whiskered tori with quadratic and cubic frequencies
• Exponentially small splitting of separatrices for whiskered tori in Hamiltonian systems
• Correction to: ``Exponentially small splitting of separatrices associated to 3D whiskered tori with cubic frequencies
• On \(1:3\) resonance under reversible perturbations of conservative cubic Hénon maps
• Arnold-type theorem about lower-dimensional invariant tori in generalized Hamiltonian systems
• Fractional variational iteration method for fractional Cauchy problems
• Exponentially small lower bounds for the splitting of separatrices to whiskered tori with frequencies of constant type
• Exponentially small splitting of separatrices and transversality associated to whiskered tori with quadratic frequency ratio

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