Exponentially small splitting of separatrices associated to 3D whiskered tori with cubic frequencies

DOI10.1007/S00220-020-03832-YzbMATH Open1450.37056arXiv1906.01439OpenAlexW3049189935MaRDI QIDQ2200489FDOQ2200489

Authors: Amadeu Delshams, Marina Gonchenko, Pere Gutiérrez 

Publication date: 22 September 2020

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the splitting of invariant manifolds of whiskered (hyperbolic) tori with three frequencies in a nearly-integrable Hamiltonian system, whose hyperbolic part is given by a pendulum. We consider a 3-dimensional torus with a fast frequency vector $omega/sqrtvarepsilon$, with $omega=(1,Omega,widetildeOmega)$ where $Omega$ is a cubic irrational number whose two conjugates are complex, and the components of $omega$ generate the field $mathbbQ(Omega)$. A paradigmatic case is the cubic golden vector, given by the (real) number $Omega$ satisfying $Omeg{a}^3=1-Omega$, and $widetildeOmega=Omeg{a}^2$. For such 3-dimensional frequency vectors, the standard theory of continued fractions cannot be applied, so we develop a methodology for determining the behavior of the small divisors $langlek,omegaangle$, $kin{mathbbZ}^3$. Applying the Poincar'e-Melnikov method, this allows us to carry out a careful study of the dominant harmonic (which depends on $varepsilon$) of the Melnikov function, obtaining an asymptotic estimate for the maximal splitting distance, which is exponentially small in $varepsilon$, and valid for all sufficiently small values of~$varepsilon$. This estimate behaves like $exp-h_1(varepsilon)/varepsilo{n}^{1/6}$ and we provide, for the first time in a system with 3 frequencies, an accurate description of the (positive) function $h_1(varepsilon)$ in the numerator of the exponent, showing that it can be explicitly constructed from the resonance properties of the frequency vector $omega$, and proving that it is a quasiperiodic function (and not periodic) with respect to $lnvarepsilon$. In this way, we emphasize the strong dependence of the estimates for the splitting on the arithmetic properties of the frequencies.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01439

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zbMATH Keywords

splitting of invariant manifoldsnearly integrable Hamiltonian systemfrequency vectorresonance properties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bifurcation problems for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J20) Stability problems for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J25) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM theory (70H08) General theory of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian structures, symmetries, invariants (37J06)

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Cited In (8)

• Exponentially small asymptotic estimates for the splitting of separatrices to whiskered tori with quadratic and cubic frequencies
• Correction to: ``Exponentially small splitting of separatrices associated to 3D whiskered tori with cubic frequencies
• Exponentially small splitting of separatrices for whiskered tori in Hamiltonian systems
• Exponentially small lower bounds for the splitting of separatrices to whiskered tori with frequencies of constant type
• On \(1:3\) resonance under reversible perturbations of conservative cubic Hénon maps
• Arnold-type theorem about lower-dimensional invariant tori in generalized Hamiltonian systems
• Fractional variational iteration method for fractional Cauchy problems
• Exponentially small splitting of separatrices and transversality associated to whiskered tori with quadratic frequency ratio

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