Quantitative projections in the Sturm oscillation theorem

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2020.10.004MaRDI QIDQ2212103zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefan Steinerberger

Publication date 18 November 2020

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.05779

zbMATH Keywords

Fourier coefficientsSturm oscillation theoremSturm-Hurwitz theoremSturm-Liouville theorywinding numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations (34C10) Trigonometric polynomials, inequalities, extremal problems (42A05)

Abstract: There is $c_{}>0$ such that for all $finC[0,pi]$ with at most $d-1$ roots inside $(0,pi)$ ${\displaystyle }$ sum_{1 leq n leq d}{ left| leftlangle f, sinleft( n x ight) ight angle ight|} geq kappa^{-kappa^2 log{kappa}}|f|_{L^2} qquad mbox{where} quad kappa = frac{c_{} | abla f|_{L^2}}{|f|_{L^2}}.${\displaystyle }$ This quantifies the Sturm-Hurwitz Theorem and connects a purely topological condition (number of roots) to the Fourier spectrum. It is also one of few estimates on Fourier coefficients from below. The result holds more generally for eigenfunctions of regular Sturm-Liouville problems ${\displaystyle }$ - (p(x) y'(x))' + q(x) y(x) = lambda w(x) y(x) qquad mbox{on}~(a,b).${\displaystyle }$ Sturm-Liouville theory shows the existence of a sequence of solutions $(ph{i}_n{)}_{n=1}^{infty}$ that form an orthogonal basis of $L^2(a,b)$ with respect to $w(x)dx$. Sturm himself proved that if $f:(a,b)ightarrowmathbbR$ is a finite linear combinations of $ph{i}_n$ having $d-1$ roots inside $(a,b)$, then $f$ cannot be orthogonal to $A=mboxspanleftph{i}_1,dots,ph{i}_{d}ight$. We prove a lower bound on the size of the projection $|p{i}_{A}f{|}_{}$.

Review text

In this papar, it is shown that there exists \(c>0\) such that for every \(f \in C[0,\pi]\) having at most \(d-1\) zeros in \((0,\pi)\), \[ \sum_{1\le n \le d} |\langle f,\sin(nx)\rangle| \ge \kappa^{-\kappa^2\log\kappa} ||f||_{L^2}, \] where \(\kappa =c||\nabla f||_{L^2}/||f||_{L^2}\). It is deeply related to in Sturm-Hurwitz Theorem, the estimates on Fourier coefficients from below, and eigenfunctions of Sturm-Liouville problems.

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Cited in

(10)

• Sturm's theorem on zeros of linear combinations of eigenfunctions
• A metric Sturm-Liouville theory in two dimensions
• Solutions with prescribed numbers of focal points of nonoscillatory linear Hamiltonian systems
• Transport and interface: an uncertainty principle for the Wasserstein distance
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