Quantitative projections in the Sturm oscillation theorem (Q2212103)

In this papar, it is shown that there exists \(c>0\) such that for every \(f \in C[0,\pi]\) having at most \(d-1\) zeros in \((0,\pi)\), \[ \sum_{1\le n \le d} |\langle f,\sin(nx)\rangle| \ge \kappa^{-\kappa^2\log\kappa} ||f||_{L^2}, \] where \(\kappa =c||\nabla f||_{L^2}/||f||_{L^2}\). It is deeply related to in Sturm-Hurwitz Theorem, the estimates on Fourier coefficients from below, and eigenfunctions of Sturm-Liouville problems.