Oscillation of damped second-order linear mixed neutral differential equations

DOI10.1007/S00605-020-01469-6MaRDI QIDQ2220385zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors John R. Graef, Ö. Özdemir, Adil Kaymaz, Ercan Tunc

Publication date 22 January 2021

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00605-020-01469-6

damping term neutral differential equations of mixed type oscillation second-order

Linear functional-differential equations (34K06) Oscillation theory of functional-differential equations (34K11) Neutral functional-differential equations (34K40)

Review text

In this paper, the authors are concerned with oscillatory behaviour of solutions of the damped second order linear neutral differential equation of mixed type of the form \[ (r(t)z'(t))'+p(t)z'(t)+q(t)x(\sigma (t))=0,t\geq t_{0}> 0,\tag{\(\ast\)} \] where \( z(t)=x(t)+p_{1}(t)x(\tau _{1}(t))+p_{2}(t)x(\tau _{2}(t)),\) \(p,q,r:[t_{0},\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R},\) are real valued continuous functions with \(p(t)\geq 0, r(t)> 0, q(t)\geq 0 \) with \( q(t) \) not identically zero for large \(t\) and \( \tau_{1},\tau_{2},\sigma : [t_{0},\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) are real valued continuous functions such that \( \tau_{1} \) and \( \tau_{2} \) are strictly increasing, \( \tau_{1}(t)< t, \tau_{2}(t)> t, \) and \( \lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\tau_{1}(t)=\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\tau_{2}(t)=\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\sigma(t)=\infty \). Further, either \( (a) p_{1},p_{2}:[t_{0},\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) are real valued continuous functions such that \( p_{1}(t) > 0 \) and \( p_{2}(t) \geq 1 \) with \( p_{2}(t)\neq 1 \) for large \( t \), or \( (b) p_{1},p_{2}:[t_{0},\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) are real valued continuous functions such that \( p_{2}(t)> 0 \) and \( p_{1}(t) \geq 1 \) with \( p_{1}(t) \neq 1 \) for large \( t \). Sufficient conditions are obtained such that all solutions of (*) are oscillatory. They have considered the cases (a) and (b) separately. No example is provided to illustrate the results obtained in the case(a). However, two examples are given to illustrate the results obtained in the case(b). In these two examples, they verify that the conditions are satisfied, but no explicit solution of the equation is given which is oscillatory. It is quite possible that these conditions are vacuously satisfied in the sense that the considered equation has no oscillatory solution at all.

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