Homogeneous Levi non-degenerate hypersurfaces in C^3
In the article all multiply-transitive Levi non-degenerate hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb C^3\) are classified under local biholomorphic equivalence. Multiply-transitive hypersurfaces are hypersurfaces with transitive symmetry algebra and stabilizer of dimension \(\geq 1\). Additionally the authors show that the class of locally homogeneous Levi non-degenerate hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb C^3\) whose symmetry algebra is transitive on open subsets of \(\mathbb C^3\) consists of the hyperquadrics \(\Im w = |z_1|^2 \pm |z_2|^2\) and the Winkelmann hypersurface \(\Im w = \Re(z_1 \bar z_2) + |z_1|^4\), see [\textit{J. Winkelmann}, The classification of three-dimensional homogeneous complex manifold. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1995; Zbl 0823.32017)]. After the work of \textit{E. Cartan} [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 11, 17--90 (1932; Zbl 0005.37304); Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, II. Ser. 1, 333--354 (1932; Zbl 0005.37401)], who classified homogeneous real hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb C^2\), the next interesting case are homogeneous real hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb C^3\). One biholomorphic invariant is the dimension of the symmetry algebra of the hypersurface. By the works of \textit{S. S. Chern} and \textit{J. K. Moser} [Acta Math. 133, 219--271 (1975; Zbl 0302.32015)] and \textit{N. Tanaka} [J. Math. Soc. Japan 14, 397--429 (1962; Zbl 0113.06303)] for a Levi non-degenerate hypersurface \(M\) in \(\mathbb C^n\) the maximal possible dimension for its symmetry algebra is \(n(n+2)\), which is only achieved if \(M\) is biholomorphically equivalent to a hyperquadric. The last statement was proved by \textit{V. K. Beloshapka} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 43, 243--266 (1979; Zbl 0412.58010)]. In the same paper it was shown by Beloshapka, that if \(M \subset \mathbb C^n\) is a Levi non-degenerate and nonspherical real hypersurface, then the dimension of the stability group (i.e., local automorphisms fixing the origin) is bounded by \(n^2-1\). The bound was improved by \textit{A. V. Loboda} [Math. USSR, Izv. 18, 537--559 (1982; Zbl 0488.32014)] to be \((n-1)^2\). See also [\textit{V. V. Ezhov} and \textit{A. V. Isaev}, Ill. J. Math. 49, No. 4, 1155--1169 (2005; Zbl 1091.32014)] characterizing hypersurfaces whose stabilizer group is of dimension \((n-1)^2\). \textit{A. V. Loboda} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 33, No. 1, 58--60 (1999); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 33, No. 1, 68--71 (1999; Zbl 0946.32013)] proved that in \(\mathbb C^3\), if \(M\) is a Levi non-degenerate and nonspherical real hypersurface with transitive automorphism group, the dimension of the stability group is bounded by \(3\) and showed that if \(M\) has a \(3\)-dimensional stability group, then it is, up to biholomorphic equivalence, equal to the Winkelmann hypersurface. See also [\textit{A. V. Loboda}, Sb. Math. 192, No. 12, 1741--1761 (2001); translation from Mat. Sb. 192, No. 12, 3--24 (2001; Zbl 1029.32021); Math. Notes 73, No. 3, 419--423 (2003); translation from Mat. Zametki 73, No. 3, 453--456 (2003; Zbl 1060.32021)], for classifications of strictly pseudoconvex hypersurfaces with \(6\)- and \(7\)-dimensional symmetry algebra. We would also like to mention a work of \textit{A. V. Loboda} [Trans. Mosc. Math. Soc. 2020, 169--228 (2020); translation from Tr. Mosk. Mat. O.-va 81, No. 2, 205--280 (2020; ; Zbl 1464.32059)], in which homogeneous real hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb C^3\) are classified, for which it is allowed to admit \(0\)-dimensional stabilizers. The paper under review completes the classification initiated by Loboda and uses an alternative to the normal form approach of Chern-Moser. For the proof the authors associate to the CR distribution of the complexification of the real hypersurface some algebraic data consisting of the symmetry algebra and the algebra of the stabilizer. These algebras must satisfy certain conditions compatible with the CR structure. Based on the (more general) classifications of the authors in [J. Geom. Anal. 30, No. 4, 3806--3858 (2020; Zbl 1462.53070)], where they classify so called homogeneous \emph{integrable Legendrian contact structures}, they identify certain admissible anti-involutions of the symmetry algebra together with associated CR structures on the multiply-transitive Levi non-degenerate real hypersurfaces. Then they compute the realizations for these CR structures, which consist of tubular and Cartan hypersurfaces (which generalize models found by Cartan), as well as Winkelmann-type hypersurfaces and newly obtained qaternionic models.
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