Categories of orthogonality spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2021.106859MaRDI QIDQ2229976zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 September 2021

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03313

Boolean subalgebras generalised semilinear map linear orthogonality spaces orthoclosed subsets orthogonality spaces undirected graphs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Complemented lattices, orthocomplemented lattices and posets (06C15) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) Logical foundations of quantum mechanics; quantum logic (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P10)

Abstract: An orthogonality space is a set equipped with a symmetric and irreflexive binary relation. We consider orthogonality spaces with the additional property that any collection of mutually orthogonal elements gives rise to the structure of a Boolean algebra. Together with the maps that preserve the Boolean structures, we are led to the category

m a t h c a l N m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

of normal orthogonality spaces. Moreover, an orthogonality space of finite rank is called linear if for any two distinct elements

e

and

f

there is a third one

g

such that exactly one of

f

and

g

is orthogonal to

e

and the pairs

e, f

and

e, g

have the same orthogonal complement. Linear orthogonality spaces arise from finite-dimensional Hermitian spaces. We are led to the full subcategory

m a t h c a l L m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

of

m a t h c a l N m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

and we show that the morphisms are the orthogonality-preserving lineations. Finally, we consider the full subcategory

m a t h c a l E m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

of

m a t h c a l L m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

whose members arise from positive definite Hermitian spaces over Baer ordered

s t a r

-fields with a Euclidean fixed field. We establish that the morphisms of

m a t h c a l E m a t h c a l O m a t h c a l S

are induced by generalised semiunitary mappings.

Review text

The authors see the main motivation of their work in determining the role of orthogonality spaces within the traditional quantum-physical model based on the Hilbert space formalism; this context is explained in detail in the introduction. An orthogonality space is a set equipped with a symmetric and irreflexive binary relation, called orthogonality; this notion, which is familiar at least since the 70-ies of the last century, has recently been studied from the mentioned point of view by the second author in a series of papers; see, e.g., [\textit{T. Vetterlein}, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 60, No. 2, 727--738 (2021; Zbl 1503.46020); Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 16, No. 5, Article ID 1950080, 24 p. (2019; Zbl 1421.81010)]. The orthogonality spaces dealt with in the paper are mainly of finite rank (have only finite orthogonal subsets). An orthogonality space $(X,\perp)$ is said to be normal if every finite subset consisting of mutually orthogonal elements generates in a certain way a collection of orthoclosed subsets of $X$ that is a Boolean algebra. The category $\mathcal{NOS}$ of normal orthogonality spaces and normal homomorphisms (those preserving these Boolean algebras) is the first one investigated in the paper. For a more extensive study of this category, see the authors' paper [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 507, No. 1, Article ID 125730, 17 p. (2022; Zbl 07428672)]. Another category considered is $\mathcal{LOS}$, a full subcategory of $\mathcal{NOS}$ whose objects are linear orthogonality spaces (a space is linear if for any two distinct elements $e$ and $f$ there is a third one, $g$, such that exactly one of $f$ and $g$ is orthogonal to $e$ and the pairs $e, f$ and $e, g$ have the same orthogonal complements). A natural source of such orthogonality spaces is the finite-dimensional Hermitian spaces. It is shown that the morphisms of $\mathcal{LOS}$ are precisely the orthogonality-preserving lineations. One more category $\mathcal{EOS}$ is the full subcategory of $\mathcal{LOS}$ of those orthogonality spaces that arise from (finite-dimensional) positive definite Hermitian spaces over Baer ordered $*$-fields with the fixed field Euclidean. The morphisms of EOS are shown to be induced by generalised semiunitary maps.

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