On the James and Hilton-Milnor splittings, and the metastable EHP sequence

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Publication:2235868



Abstract: This note provides modern proofs of some classical results in algebraic topology, such as the James Splitting, the Hilton-Milnor Splitting, and the metastable EHP sequence. We prove fundamental splitting results �egin{equation*} Sigma Omega Sigma X simeq Sigma X vee (Xwedge SigmaOmega Sigma X) quad ext{and} quad Omega(X vee Y) simeq Omega X imes Omega Y imes Omega Sigma(Omega X wedge Omega Y) end{equation*} in the maximal generality of an infty-category with finite limits and pushouts in which pushouts squares remain pushouts after basechange along an arbitrary morphism (i.e., Mather's Second Cube Lemma holds). For connected objects, these imply the classical James and Hilton-Milnor Splittings. Moreover, working in this generality shows that the James and Hilton-Milnor splittings hold in many new contexts, for example in: elementary infty-topoi, profinite spaces, and motivic spaces over arbitrary base schemes. The splitting result in this last context extend Wickelgren and Williams' splitting result for motivic spaces over a perfect field. We also give two proofs of the metastable EHP sequence in the setting of infty-topoi: the first is a new, non-computational proof that only utilizes basic connectedness estimates involving the James filtration and the Blakers-Massey Theorem, while the second reduces to the classical computational proof.


Summary: This note provides modern proofs of some classical results in algebraic topology, such as the James Splitting, the Hilton-Milnor Splitting, and the metastable EHP sequence. We prove fundamental splitting results \[\Sigma \Omega \Sigma X \simeq \Sigma X \vee (X\wedge \Sigma\Omega \Sigma X) \] and \[ \Omega(X \vee Y) \simeq \Omega X\times \Omega Y\times \Omega \Sigma(\Omega X \wedge \Omega Y) \] in the maximal generality of an \(\infty \)-category with finite limits and pushouts in which pushouts squares remain pushouts after basechange along an arbitrary morphism (i.e., Mather's Second Cube Lemma holds). For connected objects, these imply the classical James and Hilton-Milnor splittings. Moreover, working in this generality shows that the James and Hilton-Milnor splittings hold in many new contexts, for example in: elementary \(\infty \)-topoi, profinite spaces, and motivic spaces over arbitrary base schemes. The splitting results in this last context extend Wickelgren and Williams' splitting result for motivic spaces over a perfect field [\textit{K. Wickelgren} and \textit{B. Williams}, Geom. Topol. 23, No. 4, 1691--1777 (2019; Zbl 1428.14032)]. We also give two proofs of the metastable EHP sequence in the setting of \(\infty \)-topoi: the first is a new, non-computational proof that only utilizes basic connectedness estimates involving the James filtration and the Blakers-Massey Theorem, while the second reduces to the classical computational proof.



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