The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of maps from the torus to the Klein bottle

DOI10.12775/TMNA.2020.003MaRDI QIDQ2236458zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Vinicius Casteluber Laass, Daciberg Lima Gonçalves, John Guaschi

Publication date 25 October 2021

Published in Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06017

zbMATH Keywords

Borsuk-Ulam theorembraid groupshomotopy classsurfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topology (55M20) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Abstract: Let $M$ be a topological space that admits a free involution $au$, and let $N$ be a topological space. A homotopy class $$ is said to have {it the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to $au$} if for every representative map $f:MoN$ of $$, there exists a point $xinM$ such that $f(au(x))=f(x)$. In this paper, we determine the homotopy classes of maps from the $2$-torus $T^2$ to the Klein bottle $K^2$ that possess the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to a free involution $a{u}_1$ of $T^2$ for which the orbit space is $T^2$. Our results are given in terms of a certain family of homomorphisms involving the fundamental groups of $T^2$ and $K^2$.

Review text

The paper under review considers an interesting generalisation of the classical Borsuk-Ulam theorem by substituting \(\mathbb{S}^n\) and \(\mathbb{R}^n\) by other spaces, and the antipodal map by a free involution. Given topological spaces \(M\) and \(N\) such that \(M\) admits a free involution \(\tau\), the triple \((M,\tau;N)\) is said to have the Borsuk-Ulam property if for every continuous map \(f : M \to N\), there exists \(x \in M\) such that \(f(\tau(x)) = f(x)\). In other words, every continuous map from \(M\) to \(N\) has a coincidence point with respect to the involution \(\tau\) on \(M\). The cases where \(M\) is a compact surface without boundary admitting a free involution and \(N\) is either \(\mathbb{R}^2\) or a compact surface without boundary have been considered in the recent literature. There is a homotopy generalisation of this property. A homotopy class \(\beta \in [M,N]\) is said to have the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to the involution \(\tau\) on \(M\) if for every representative \(f : M \to N\) of \(\beta\), there exists \(x \in M\) such that \(f(\tau(x)) = f(x)\). The authors determine the homotopy classes of maps from the 2-torus to the Klein bottle that possess the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to a free involution of the 2-torus for which the orbit space is again the 2-torus. The main results are stated in terms of a certain family of homomorphisms involving the fundamental groups of the surfaces involved. The paper is carefully written and contains detailed computations for the benefit of the readers.

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Cited in

(17)

• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of self-maps of surfaces of Euler characteristic zero
• Free cyclic actions on surfaces and the Borsuk-Ulam theorem
• Diagonal involutions and the Borsuk-Ulam property for product of surfaces
• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of maps from the torus to the Klein bottle. II
• Borsuk-Ulam type spaces
• Z₂-bordism and the Borsuk-Ulam theorem
• A Homology Version of the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4007238 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 151713 (Why is no real title available?)
• Relative Borsuk–Ulam Theorems for Spaces with a Free Z₂-action
• The Borsuk-Ulam theorem for 3-manifolds
• Free involutions on torus semi-bundles and the Borsuk-Ulam theorem for maps into \(\mathbf{R}^n\)
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• Borsuk-Ulam property for graphs
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• Equivariant preimage theory for G-maps

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