The Borsuk-Ulam theorem for maps into a surface

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2010.02.024zbMATH Open1194.55005arXiv1003.4904OpenAlexW2085088668MaRDI QIDQ975223FDOQ975223

Authors: John Guaschi, Daciberg Lima Gonçalves 

Publication date: 9 June 2010

Published in: Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let (X, t, S) be a triple, where S is a compact, connected surface without boundary, and t is a free cellular involution on a CW-complex X. The triple (X, t, S) is said to satisfy the Borsuk-Ulam property if for every continuous map f:X-->S, there exists a point x belonging to X satisfying f(t(x))=f(x). In this paper, we formulate this property in terms of a relation in the 2-string braid group B_2(S) of S. If X is a compact, connected surface without boundary, we use this criterion to classify all triples (X, t, S) for which the Borsuk-Ulam property holds. We also consider various cases where X is not necessarily a surface without boundary, but has the property that pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of such a surface. If S is different from the 2-sphere S^2 and the real projective plane RP^2, then we show that the Borsuk-Ulam property does not hold for (X, t, S) unless either pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to pi_1(RP^2), or pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a compact, connected non-orientable surface of genus 2 or 3 and S is orientable. In the latter case, the veracity of the Borsuk-Ulam property depends further on the choice of involution t; we give a necessary and sufficient condition for it to hold in terms of the surjective homomorphism pi_1(X/t)-->Z_2 induced by the double covering X-->X/t. The cases S=S^2,RP^2 are treated separately.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4904

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zbMATH Keywords

surfacefree involutionsurface braid groupBorsuk-Ulam type theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continua and generalizations (54F15) Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topology (55M20)

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Cited In (19)

• Nielsen coincidence theory applied to Borsuk-Ulam geometric problems
• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of self-maps of surfaces of Euler characteristic zero
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• The Borsuk-Ulam property for maps from the product of two surfaces into a surface
• Free cyclic actions on surfaces and the Borsuk-Ulam theorem
• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of maps from the torus to the Klein bottle
• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes of maps from the torus to the Klein bottle. II
• Nielsen-Borsuk-Ulam number for maps between tori
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• The Borsuk-Ulam property for homotopy classes on bundles, parametrized braids groups and applications for surfaces bundles
• Diagonal involutions and the Borsuk-Ulam property for product of surfaces
• The Borsuk-Ulam theorem for \(n\)-valued maps between surfaces

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