Fat point ideals in K[P^N] with linear minimal free resolutions and their resurgences
Let \(Z=m_1p_1+\ldots +m_np_n\) be a fat point scheme in \(\mathbb{P}^N\) and let \(I=I(Z)\) be its saturated ideal in \(R=\mathbb{K}[x_0,\ldots , x_N]\). The least \(i\) such that the Hilbert function and the Hilbert polynomial of \(I\) are equal (\(H(I,t)=P(I,t)\)) for all \(t\geq i\) is \(\mathrm{reg}(I)-1\), where \(\mathrm{reg}(I)\) is the Castelnouvo-Mumford regularity of \(I\). The iequality \[\mathrm{reg}(I)\geq \alpha(I)\] always holds, where \(\alpha(I)=\min\{d: I_d\neq 0\}\). The equality \(\mathrm{reg}(I)= \alpha(I)\) holds if and only if \(I\) admits a linear minimal free resolution. In order to the containment problem Bocci and Harbourne introduced the resurgence of \(I\). It is defined as \[\rho(I)=\sup\{\frac{m}{r} : I^{(m)}\nsubseteq I^r\}.\] They also proved that \[\frac{\alpha(I)}{\widehat{\alpha}(I)}\leq \rho(I)\leq \frac{\mathrm{reg}(I)}{\widehat{\alpha}(I)},\] where \(\widehat{\alpha}(I)=\inf_{m\geq 1}\frac{\alpha(I^{(m)})}{m}\) is the Waldschmidt constant of \(I\). In particular if \(I\) has a linear minimal free resolution, then \[\rho(I)=\frac{\alpha(I)}{\widehat{\alpha}(I)}.\] Main results of paper under review are two theorems.\\ Theorem A. Let \(Z=m_1p_1+\ldots +m_np_n\) be a fat point subscheme of \(\mathbb{P}^N\) and let \(I(Z)\) be its saturated ideal in \(R\). Let for some positive integer \(s\), \(\mathrm{reg}(I(Z))=s\), and let \(r\) be a nonnegative integer. Let \(Z_r\) be a reduced scheme of \(\binom{s+N+r-1}{N}-\deg Z\) general points in \(\mathbb{P}^N\), where \(Z\cap Z_r=\emptyset\). Then for the fat point subscheme \(X_r=Z+Z_r\), we have \(\mathrm{reg}(I(X_r))=\alpha(I(X_r))=s+r\). In particular, \(I(X_r)\) has a linear minimal free resolution.\\ As a special case of above theorem we obtain the following theorem.\\ Theorem B. Let \(I\) be the saturated ideal of fat subscheme \(Z=(s-2)p_1+p_2+\ldots +p_s\) of \(\mathbb{P}^2\), supported on general points. Then \[ \rho(I)= \begin{cases} (s+1)/s & \text{ if \(s\) is odd},\\ s(s-1)/((s-1)^2+1) & \text{ if \(s\) is even}. \end{cases} \]
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