Combinatorics of certain higher q, t-Catalan polynomials: chains, joint symmetry, and the Garsia-Haiman formula

DOI10.1007/S10801-013-0466-5zbMATH Open1293.05007arXiv1211.2191OpenAlexW2052753052WikidataQ57959202 ScholiaQ57959202MaRDI QIDQ2248564FDOQ2248564

Authors: Kyungyong Lee, Li Li, Nicholas A. Loehr 

Publication date: 27 June 2014

Published in: Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The higher $q,t$-Catalan polynomial $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)$ can be defined combinatorially as a weighted sum of lattice paths contained in certain triangles, or algebraically as a complicated sum of rational functions indexed by partitions of $n$. This paper proves the equivalence of the two definitions for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. We also give a bijective proof of the joint symmetry property $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)=C_n^{(m)}(t,q)$ for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. The proof is based on a general approach for proving joint symmetry that dissects a collection of objects into chains, and then passes from a joint symmetry property of initial points and terminal points to joint symmetry of the full set of objects. Further consequences include unimodality results and specific formulas for the coefficients in $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)$ for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. We give analogous results for certain rational-slope $q,t$-Catalan polynomials.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2191

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zbMATH Keywords

lattice paths\(q, t\)-Catalan polynomialsjoint symmetry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10)

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Cited In (18)

• A combinatorial proof of the parity unimodality of the \((m,n)\)-rational \(q\)-Catalan polynomial for \(m=3\)
• A combinatorial approach to the symmetry of \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers
• Combinatorics of the zeta map on rational Dyck paths
• Higher rank \((q,t)\)-Catalan polynomials, affine Springer fibers, and a finite rational shuffle theorem
• Sweeping up zeta
• An area-depth symmetric \(q, t\)-Catalan polynomial
• Generalized \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers
• Sweeping up zeta
• A conjectured formula for the rational \(q, t\)-Catalan polynomial
• Trapezoidal lattice paths and multivariate analogues
• Chain decompositions of \(q, t\)-Catalan numbers via local chains
• Chain decompositions of \(q, t\)-Catalan numbers: tail extensions and flagpole partitions
• Compactified Jacobians and \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers. II
• Affine permutations and rational slope parking functions
• The \((m,n)\)-rational \(q,t\)-Catalan polynomials for \(m=3\) and their \(q,t\)-symmetry
• The \(q, t\)-symmetry of the generalized \(q, t\)-Catalan number \(C_{(k_1,k_2,k_3)}(q,t)\)
• A rational Catalan formula for \((m,3)\)-Hikita polynomials
• Schur function expansions and the rational shuffle theorem

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