Combinatorics of certain higher q, t-Catalan polynomials: chains, joint symmetry, and the Garsia-Haiman formula

DOI10.1007/S10801-013-0466-5MaRDI QIDQ2248564zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Kyungyong Lee, Li Li, Nicholas A. Loehr

Publication date 27 June 2014

Published in Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2191

zbMATH Keywords

lattice paths\(q, t\)-Catalan polynomialsjoint symmetry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10)

Abstract: The higher $q,t$-Catalan polynomial $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)$ can be defined combinatorially as a weighted sum of lattice paths contained in certain triangles, or algebraically as a complicated sum of rational functions indexed by partitions of $n$. This paper proves the equivalence of the two definitions for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. We also give a bijective proof of the joint symmetry property $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)=C_n^{(m)}(t,q)$ for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. The proof is based on a general approach for proving joint symmetry that dissects a collection of objects into chains, and then passes from a joint symmetry property of initial points and terminal points to joint symmetry of the full set of objects. Further consequences include unimodality results and specific formulas for the coefficients in $C_n^{(m)}(q,t)$ for all $mgeq1$ and all $nleq4$. We give analogous results for certain rational-slope $q,t$-Catalan polynomials.

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Cited in

(17)

• A combinatorial proof of the parity unimodality of the \((m,n)\)-rational \(q\)-Catalan polynomial for \(m=3\)
• Combinatorics of the zeta map on rational Dyck paths
• A combinatorial approach to the symmetry of \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers
• Higher rank \((q,t)\)-Catalan polynomials, affine Springer fibers, and a finite rational shuffle theorem
• Sweeping up zeta
• An area-depth symmetric \(q, t\)-Catalan polynomial
• Generalized \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers
• Trapezoidal lattice paths and multivariate analogues
• Sweeping up zeta
• A conjectured formula for the rational \(q, t\)-Catalan polynomial
• Chain decompositions of \(q, t\)-Catalan numbers via local chains
• Compactified Jacobians and \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers. II
• Chain decompositions of \(q, t\)-Catalan numbers: tail extensions and flagpole partitions
• Affine permutations and rational slope parking functions
• The \((m,n)\)-rational \(q,t\)-Catalan polynomials for \(m=3\) and their \(q,t\)-symmetry
• The \(q, t\)-symmetry of the generalized \(q, t\)-Catalan number \(C_{(k_1,k_2,k_3)}(q,t)\)
• A rational Catalan formula for \((m,3)\)-Hikita polynomials

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