Optimality of the triangular lattice for a particle system with Wasserstein interaction

DOI10.1007/S00220-014-1965-5zbMATH Open1294.82006arXiv1212.6973OpenAlexW2153190480MaRDI QIDQ2249444FDOQ2249444

Authors: David P. Bourne, Mark A. Peletier, Florian Theil 

Publication date: 1 July 2014

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove strong crystallization results in two dimensions for an energy that arises in the theory of block copolymers. The energy is defined on sets of points and their weights, or equivalently on the set of atomic measures. It consists of two terms; the first term is the sum of the square root of the weights, and the second is the quadratic optimal transport cost between the atomic measure and the Lebesgue measure. We prove that this system admits crystallization in several different ways: (1) the energy is bounded from below by the energy of a triangular lattice (called $mathcalT$); (2) if the energy equals that of $mathcalT$, then the measure is a rotated and translated copy of $mathcalT$; (3) if the energy is close to that of $mathcalT$, then locally the measure is close to a rotated and translated copy of $mathcalT$. These three results require the domain to be a polygon with at most six sides. A fourth result states that the energy of $mathcalT$ can be achieved in the limit of large domains, for domains with arbitrary boundaries. The proofs make use of three ingredients. First, the optimal transport cost associates to each point a polygonal cell; the energy can be bounded from below by a sum over all cells of a function that depends only on the cell. Second, this function has a convex lower bound that is sharp at $mathcalT$. Third, Euler's polytope formula limits the average number of sides of the polygonal cells to six, where six is the number corresponding to the triangular lattice.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.6973

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zbMATH Keywords

triangular latticecrystallizationblock copolymersEuler's polytope formulaWasserstein interaction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Statistical mechanics of polymers (82D60)

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Cited In (20)

• Crystallization to the square lattice for a two-body potential
• Phase transitions in Delaunay Potts models
• Long range order in atomistic models for solids
• Exact periodic stripes for minimizers of a local/nonlocal interaction functional in general dimension
• A proof of finite crystallization via stratification
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• Centroidal Power Diagrams, Lloyd's Algorithm, and Applications to Optimal Location Problems
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• Lattices with finite renormalized Coulombian interaction energy in the plane
• Disc-disc structure in a two-species interacting system on a flat torus
• Ground states and hyperuniformity of the hierarchical Coulomb gas in all dimensions
• Higher-dimensional Coulomb gases and renormalized energy functionals
• Uniform energy distribution in a pattern-forming system of surface charges
• Geometric self-assembly of rigid shapes: a simple Voronoi approach
• Pattern formation of a nonlocal, anisotropic interaction model
• Asymptotic optimality of the triangular lattice for a class of optimal location problems
• Probabilistic properties of near-optimal trajectories of an agent moving over a lattice
• Optimal lattice configurations for interacting spatially extended particles

Uses Software

• kepler98

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