Droplet phases in non-local Ginzburg-Landau models with Coulomb repulsion in two dimensions

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Abstract: We establish the behavior of the energy of minimizers of non-local Ginzburg-Landau energies with Coulomb repulsion in two space dimensions near the onset of multi-droplet patterns. Under suitable scaling of the background charge density with vanishing surface tension the non-local Ginzburg-Landau energy becomes asymptotically equivalent to a sharp interface energy with screened Coulomb interaction. Near the onset the minimizers of the sharp interface energy consist of nearly identical circular droplets of small size separated by large distances. In the limit the droplets become uniformly distributed throughout the domain. The precise asymptotic limits of the bifurcation threshold, the minimal energy, the droplet radii, and the droplet density are obtained.


The paper addresses a class of systems that allow for spatial multi-droplet pattern formation as a result of the competition between thermodynamic forces operating on different length scales. Particularly important is frustrating short-range attractive interaction (responsible for aggregation and droplet formation) by long-range repulsive forces of Coulomb type. For two-dimensional systems it is established that under suitable conditions the non-local Ginzburg-Landau energy becomes asymptotically equivalent to a sharp interface energy with screened Coulomb interaction. In the vanishing surface tension limit that interface consists of nearly identical circular droplets of small size separated by large distances. Their distribution becomes uniform throughout the domain. The precise asymptotic limits of the bifurcation threshold, the minimal energy, the droplet radii and the droplet density are obtained.



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