Coherence stability and effect of random natural frequencies in populations of coupled oscillators

coherence stability coupled oscillator system Fokker-Planck equation Kuramoto model linear operator normally hyperbolic manifolds rotating waves semigroup of contractions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06) Brownian motion (60J65) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)

Abstract: We consider the (noisy) Kuramoto model, that is a population of N oscillators, or rotators, with mean-field interaction. Each oscillator has its own randomly chosen natural frequency (quenched disorder) and it is stirred by Brownian motion. In the limit N goes to infty this model is accurately described by a (deterministic) Fokker-Planck equation. We study this equation and obtain quantitatively sharp results in the limit of weak disorder. We show that, in general, even when the natural frequencies have zero mean the oscillators synchronize (for sufficiently strong interaction) around a common rotating phase, whose frequency is sharply estimated. We also establish the stability properties of these solutions (in fact, limit cycles). These results are obtained by identifying the stable hyperbolic manifold of stationary solutions of an associated non disordered model and by exploiting the robustness of hyperbolic structures under suitable perturbations. When the disorder distribution is symmetric the speed vanishes and there is a one parameter family of stationary solutions : in this case we provide more precise stability estimates. The methods we use apply beyond the Kuramoto model and we develop here the case of active rotator models, that is the case in which the dynamics of each rotator in absence of interaction and noise is not simply a rotation.

Review text

The authors consider the noisy Kuramoto model consisting of a population of \( N\) oscillators or rotators and written as \(\partial \varphi _{j}^{\omega }(t)=\omega _{j}dt-\frac{K}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\sin (\varphi _{j}^{\omega }(t)-\varphi _{i}^{\omega }(t))dt+\sigma dB_{j}(t)\), where \( (B_{j})_{j=1,\dots ,N}\) is a family of \(N\) independent Brownian motions, \( (\omega _{j})_{j=1,\dots ,N}\) is a family of independent identically distributed random variables of law \(\mu \), \(K\) and \(\sigma \) are nonnegative parameters. When \(N\) goes to \(\infty \), the limit of the measure \(\nu _{N,t}^{\omega }(d\theta ,d\omega )=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\delta _{(\varphi _{j}^{\omega }(t),\omega _{j})}(d\theta ,d\omega )\), is known to be a measure whose density \(p_{t}\) with respect to \(\lambda _{1}\otimes \mu \) is a solution of the Fokker-Planck equation \(\partial _{t}p_{t}(\theta ,\omega )=\frac{1}{2}\Delta p_{t}(\theta ,\omega )-\partial _{\theta }(p_{t}(\theta ,\omega )(\left\langle J\ast p_{t}\right\rangle _{\mu }(\theta )+\omega ))\), where \(J(\theta )=-K\sin (\theta )\), \(\ast \) denotes the convolution product, \(\left\langle \cdot \right\rangle _{\mu }\) denotes the integration with respect to \(\mu \) and \(\Delta \) means the operator \( \partial _{\theta }^{2}\). The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, the authors describe stability properties of the stationary solutions of this Fokker-Planck equation. For the proof, the authors study the properties of the associated operator and of its semigroup. The second part of the paper is devoted to the description of the properties of the solution of this Fokker-Planck equation when the measure \(\mu \) called disorder is supposed to be non-symmetric. The authors here again use the operator framework.

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