Oscillatory integral decay, sublevel set growth, and the Newton polyhedron

Abstract: Using some resolution of singularities methods of the author, a generalization of a well-known theorem of Varchenko relating decay of oscillatory integrals to the Newton polyhedron is proven. They are derived from analogous results for sublevel integrals, proven here. Varchenko's theorem requires a certain nondegeneracy condition on the faces of the Newton polyhedron on the phase. In this paper, it is shown that the estimates of Varchenko's theorem also hold for a significant class of phase functions for which this nondegeneracy condition does not hold. Thus in problems where one wants to switch coordinates to a coordinate system where Varchenko's estimates are valid, one has greater flexibility. Some additional estimates are also proven for more degenerate situations, including some too degenerate for the Newton polyhedron to give the optimal decay in the sense of Varchenko.

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Let \(S(x)\) be a real analytic function defined in a neighbourhood of the origin in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) and \(\phi (x)\) a smooth real-valued function such that \(\text{supp}\,\phi \subset U.\) The author studies the behaviour of the integrals \[ \begin{aligned} I_{S,\phi }(\epsilon ) &= \underset{\{x:0<S(x)<\epsilon \}}{\int }\phi (x)dx, \\ \text{\(\phi(x)\) nonnegative and \(\phi(0)>0\),} J_{S,\phi }(\lambda ) &= \underset{\mathbb{R}^{n}}{\int }e^{i\lambda S(x)}\phi (x)dx \end{aligned} \] as \(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\) and \(\lambda \rightarrow \infty .\) Assuming \( S(0)=0\) and \(\nabla S(0)=0\) by Hironaka's resolution of singularities one has an asymptotic expansion \[ \begin{aligned} I_{S,\phi }(\epsilon ) &\sim \sum_{j=0}^{\infty }\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}c_{ij}(\phi )\ln (\epsilon )^{i}\epsilon ^{r_{j}}, \\ J_{S,\phi }(\lambda ) &\sim \sum_{j=0}^{\infty }\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}d_{ij}(\phi )\ln (\lambda )^{i}\lambda ^{-s_{j}}, \end{aligned} \] where \(\{r_{j}\}\) and \(\{s_{j}\}\) are increasing arithmetic progressions of positive rational numbers independent of \(\phi .\) The problem is to find the orders of these series. \textit{A. N. Varchenko} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 10, 175-196 (1976); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 10, No.3, 13--38 (1976; Zbl 0351.32011)] found a formula for the second series in terms of the Newton diagram of \(S\) under assumption on the Kouchnirenko nondegeneracy of \(S\). The author generalizes the Varchenko result (in the form of inequalities and equalities for \(n=2)\) to the general case (without the assumption of nondegeneracy).

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