Applications of an elementary resolution of singularities algorithm to exponential sums and congruences modulo p^n

Abstract: We use the resolution of singularities algorithm of [G4] to provide new estimates for exponential sums as well as new bounds on how often a function f(x) such as a polynomial with integer coefficients is divisible by various powers of a prime p when x is an integer. They are proved using p-adic analogues of the theorems of [G3] on R^n sublevel set volumes and oscillatory integrals with real phase function. The proofs of these analogues use aspects of the resolution of singularities algorithms of [G4] (but for the most part not the actual resolution of singularities theorems themselves.) Unlike many papers on such exponential sums and p-adic oscillatory integrals, we do not require the Newton polyhedron of the phase to be nondegenerate, but rather as in [G3] we have conditions on the maximal order of the zeroes of certain polynomials corresponding to the compact faces of the Newton polyhedron of the phase function.

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This paper generalizes the theorems of [the author, Math. Ann. 346, No. 4, 857--895 (2010; Zbl 1192.14005)] on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) sublevel set volumes and oscillatory integrals with real phase function to functions over an arbitrary local field of characteristic zero. The main result of the present paper is the following theorem: Let \(K_0\) denote \(K-\{0\}.\) For a compact face \(F\) of \(N(f),\) let \(o(F)\) denote the maximum order of any zero of \(f_F(x)\) in \(K_0^n.\) Let \(h\) denote the dimension of the central face of \(N(f).\) For a small open set \(U\) containing the origin, let \(g(\epsilon)\) denote the measure of \(\{x\in U:|f(x)|<\epsilon\}.\) Then, if \(U\) is sufficiently small, there exist positive constants \(C\) and \(C^\prime\), depending on \(U\) and \(f\), such that the following hold true for \(0<\epsilon<\frac{1}{2}:\) If \(o(F)\leq d(f)\) for all compact faces \(F\) of \(N(f),\) with \(o(F)<d(f)\) when \(F\) is a subset of the central face of \(N(f),\) then \[ C|\ln(\epsilon)|^{n-h-1}\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}\leq g(\epsilon)\leq C^\prime |\ln(\epsilon)|^{n-h-1}\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}. \] If \(o(F)\leq d(f)\) for all compact faces \(F\) of \(N(f),\) with \(o(F)=d(f)\) at least one compact \(F\) contained in the central face of \(N(f),\) then \[ C|\ln(\epsilon)|^{n-h-1}\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}\leq g(\epsilon)\leq C^\prime |\ln(\epsilon)|^{n-h}\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}. \] If \(o(F)>d(f)\) for at least one compact \(F\) of \(N(f),\) let \(s(f)\) denote \(\sup_{F}o(f).\) Then \[ C|\ln(\epsilon)|^{n-h-1}\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}\leq g(\epsilon)\leq C^\prime |\epsilon^{\frac{b_K}{d(f)}}. \] Moreover, the author also proves that, if one has an upper bound \(g(\epsilon)\leq C^\prime |\ln(\epsilon)|^{m}\epsilon^{\delta}\), then for sufficiently large \(|\lambda|,\) \(|\omega|,\) or \(|z|\), the oscillatory integral satisfies the analogous bound \(|I(\lambda)|\leq C|\ln(\lambda)|^{m}\lambda^{-\delta},\) \(|I(\omega)|\leq C|\ln(\omega)|^{m}\omega^{-\delta},\) or \(|I(z)|\leq C|\ln(z)|^{m}z^{-\delta},\) where \(I(\lambda),\) \(I(\omega)\) and \(I(z)\) are the corresponding oscillatory integrals, defined, respectively, on \(\mathbb{R}^n,\) \(\mathbb{C}^n,\) and \(p\)-adic filed. As a consequence of the above results, the author gives some number-theoretic consequences.

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Volume estimates of sublevel sets of real polynomials

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